In yet another ironic twist, our civilian, democratically elected government passed the act even though it was a vestige of Gen Pervez Musharraf’s regime and encapsulated his increasingly authoritative attitude towards press freedom.
Much has already been written about this legislature, which aims to curb cyber terrorism but employs vague language that could be invoked to slap serious charges on anyone who owns a computer.
Under the act, the PTA can arbitrarily invoke hazy definitions for what constitutes spamming, spoofing, stalking, ‘terroristic intent’, or a terrorist act to put someone behind bars for years. Indeed, the act is peppered with words such as ‘lewd’, ‘obscene’, and ‘immoral’, which are not legal terms and are thus highly subjective. In other words, it is up to the authorities’ discretion to determine what is unacceptable.
For months, there have been calls to redraft the law and to bring it in line with international legal standards for cyber crime as well as the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. The PTA’s decision to block a YouTube clip and a website recently are reason enough to renew that call.
Admittedly, Pakistan does not have the poor track record of China, Iran, Saudi Arabia, Egypt and other countries that restrict online free expression by filtering or blocking content or monitoring activity — at least till now.
But it is absolutely essential that the Pakistani authorities do not go down that route, for it is an affront to press freedom at large and would be another setback to this country’s newest exercise in democracy.
The fact is, online monitoring and blocking are modern versions of old-school tactics to rein in a free press, such as detention, harassment and intimidation. Around the world, attacks against bloggers and other individuals who post content online is the first front in authoritarian crackdowns on press freedom.
After all, individuals who go online are more vulnerable to censorship than professional media personnel because they do not have the backing of organisations or unions, nor do they have adequate resources such as money, lawyers or awareness about their right to free speech.
Until now, the PTA has only blocked a handful of websites. But Internet connectivity is becoming widespread — according to Internet World Stats, there are currently 18.5 million Internet users in Pakistan, a 13,716 per cent increase from 2000.
As more youngsters go online, we are bound to see a new generation of citizen journalists posting video clips, images or blogs that document official transgressions such as corruption or torture.
To ensure that their right to do so is protected, we must speak out now against the PTA’s blocks as well as the cyber crimes act that support such actions.
There is already a push in the US and EU to include violations of online free expression in countries’ human rights portfolios. If we do not set a precedent for protecting online free speech, the PTA’s activities could become yet another issue that makes us pariahs among the international community.
Pakistan has long prided itself on having a relatively free press, and military dictators and civilian governments — when flagging their democratic credentials — point to the open conversation in the country’s column inches and on its airwaves. The government should make a policy decision to extend that conversation into the Pakistani websphere.
