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Yashua-JESUS-Hazrat Issa(PBUH) is most quoted prophet in Quraan, while Babylonian Talmud demonizes Jesus and Mary explained by Michael Hoffman Jr.

This is a collection of articles, that can readily be found on the internet, contrasting the hate mongering against Mary and Jesus in the Babylonian Talmud (which explains Zionist behavior against many peoples) with the love for Many and Jesus expressed in the Quraan.

This article has been posted as submitted.

“The Talmud claims that this Yeshu was the son of a Jewish woman named Miriam (Mary) who was betrothed to a carpenter (more accurately, their marriage was in the stage of kiddushin, where she is legally his wife but not yet living with him or having sexual relations with him). She was either raped or voluntarily slept with a Greek or Roman soldier known as Pandeira, and Yeshu was the product of that union. Because of the status of Miriam’s marriage, Yeshu is considered to be a mamzer (usually mistranslated as “bastard”, it means the product of an adulterous or incestuous relationship). Some say that he was also a ben-niddah (conceived through intercourse with a woman in a state of menstrual impurity, which is also said to leave a stain on the offspring). The Talmud describes Yeshu as a heretic who dabbled in sorcery and lead the people astray (into idolatry). He was stoned to death by the Sanhedrin for his crimes, and in accordance with the procedure for heretics, his dead body was hung in a tree until nightfall after his death.”

(http://www.jewfaq.org/looking4.htm )

“… the Jewish Encyclopedia admits that Jewish legends concerning Jesus are found in the Talmud and Midrash and in ” the life of Jesus ( Toledot Yeshu) that originated in the Middle Ages. It is the tendency of all these sources to belittle the person of Jesus by ascribing to him illegitimate birth, magic, and a shameful death. “ — Jewish Encyclopedia, article on Jesus; as Cited in: Nesta H. Webster,” Secret Societies and Subversive Movements”, p. 20; Omni Publications, 1964

The following are a couple of quotes from the Talmud :

In Schabbath, 104b :

“They, [the Elders] said to him [Eliezer]: “He(Jesus) was a fool, and no one pays attention to fools.”

book Zohar, III, (282) :

“Jesus died like a beast and was buried in that “dirt heap…where they throw the dead bodies of dogs and asses, and where the sons of Esau [the Christians] and of Ismael [the Turks], also Jesus and Mahommed, uncircumcized and unclean like dead dogs, are buried.”

The second quote has not just attacked Jesus but also Muhammad!. 

WHAT DO THE ZIONIST JEWS SAY ABOUT JESUS? 

Zionst Larry David wrote a whole show derogatory to Christians based on his getting urine on a portrait of Jesus. (Scroll down this page for the short video of Jesus as a crucified monkey.) And now, dear reader, just for the sake of comparison I thought I would delve into some literature on Jesus in that most sacred of Jewish holy books, the Talmud upon which all laws are based. When you are done, ask yourself which religions have the most in common with each other on the fundamental issue of Jesus Christ.

INSULTS AGAINST BLESSED MARY:

Sanhedrin 106a . Says Jesus’ mother was a whore: “She who was the descendant of princes and governors played the harlot with carpenters.” Also in footnote #2 to Shabbath 104b of the Soncino edition, it is stated that in the “uncensored” text of the Talmud it is written that Jesus mother, “Miriam the hairdresser,” had sex with many men.

 JESUS IN THE TALMUD:

While it is the standard disinformation practice of apologists for the Talmud to deny that it contains any scurrilous references to Jesus Christ, certain Orthodox Jewish organizations are more forthcoming and admit that the Talmud not only mentions Jesus but disparages him (as a sorcerer and a demented sex freak). These orthodox Jewish organizations make this admission perhaps out of the belief that Jewish supremacy is so well-established in the modern world that they need not concern themselves with adverse reactions.

For example, on the website of the Orthodox Jewish Hasidic Lubavitch group ~ one of the largest in the world ~ we find the following statement, complete with Talmudic citations: 

“The Talmud (Babylonian edition) records other sins of ‘Jesus the Nazarene’:

1) He and his disciples practiced sorcery and black magic, led Jews astray into idolatry, and were sponsored by foreign, gentile powers for the purpose of subverting Jewish worship (Sanhedrin 43a).

2) He was sexually immoral, worshiped statues of stone (a brick is mentioned), was cut off from the Jewish people for his wickedness, and refused to repent (Sanhedrin 107b; Sotah 47a).

 3) He learned witchcraft in Egypt and, to perform miracles, used procedures that involved cutting his flesh, which is also explicitly banned in the Bible (Shabbos 104b).

End quote from http://www.noahide.com/yeshu.htm (Lubavitch website) June 20, 2000.

[Note: we have printed and preserved in our files a hard copy of this statement from the Lubavitch”Noah’s Covenant Website,” as it appeared on their website at http://www.noahide.com on June 20, 2000, in the event that denials are later issued and the statement itself suppressed].

 Let us examine further some of these anti-Christ Talmud passages:

 Gittin 57a. Says Jesus is in hell, being boiled in “hot excrement.”

 Sanhedrin 43a. Says Jesus (“Yeshu” and in Soncino footnote #6, Yeshu “the Nazarene”) was executed because he practiced sorcery: “It is taught that on the eve of Passover Jesus was hung, and forty days before this the proclamation was made: Jesus is to be stoned to death because he has practiced sorcery and has lured the people to idolatry… He was an enticer and of such thou shalt not pity or condone.” 

Kallah 51a.”The elders were once sitting in the gate when two young lads passed by; one covered his head and the other uncovered his head. Of him who uncovered his head Rabbi Eliezer remarked that he is a bastard. Rabbi Joshua remarked that he is the son of a niddah (a child conceived during a woman’s menstrual period). Rabbi Akiba said that he is both a bastard and a son of a niddah.

 “They said, ‘What induced you to contradict the opinion of your colleagues?’ He replied, “I will prove it concerning him.” He went to the lad’s mother and found her sitting in the market selling beans.

 

“He said to her, ‘My daughter, if you will answer the question I will put to you, I will bring you to the world to come.’ (eternal life). She said to him, ‘Swear it to me.’

 

“Rabbi Akiba, taking the oath with his lips but annulling it in his heart, said to her, ‘What is the status of your son?’ She replied, ‘When I entered the bridal chamber I was niddah (menstruating) and my husband kept away from me; but my best man had intercourse with me and this son was born to me.’ Consequently the child was both a bastard and the son of a niddah.

 

“It was declared, ‘..Blessed be the God of Israel Who Revealed His Secret to Rabbi Akiba…”

 

In addition to the theme that God rewards clever liars, the preceding Talmud discussion is actually about Jesus Christ (the bastard boy who “uncovered his head” and was conceived in the filth of menstruation). The boy’s adulterous mother in this Talmud story is the mother of Christ, Blessed Mary (called Miriam and sometimes, Miriam the hairdresser, in the Talmud).

 

“The Editio Princeps of the complete Code of Talmudic Law, Maimonides’ Mishneh Torah ~ replete not only with the most offensive precepts against all Gentiles but also with explicit attacks on Christianity and on Jesus (after whose name the author adds piously, ‘May the name of the wicked perish’)… ~ Dr. Israel Shahak, Jewish History, Jewish Religion, p. 21.

 

“The Talmud contains a few explicit references to Jesus…These references are certainly not complimentary…There seems little doubt that the account of the execution of Jesus on the eve of Passover does refer to the Christian Jesus…The passage in which Jesus’ punishment in hell is described also seems to refer to the Christian Jesus. It is a piece of anti-Christian polemic dating from the post-70 CE period…” ~ Hyam Maccoby, Judaism on Trial, pp. 26-27.

 

“According to the Talmud, Jesus was executed by a proper rabbinical court for idolatry, inciting other Jews to idolatry, and contempt of rabbinical authority. All classical Jewish sources which mention his execution are quite happy to take responsibility for it; in the Talmudic account the Romans are not even mentioned.

 

“The more popular accounts ~ which were nevertheless taken quite seriously ~ such as the notorious Toldot Yeshu are even worse, for in addition to the above crimes they accuse him of witchcraft. The very name ‘Jesus’ was for Jews a symbol of all that is abominable and this popular tradition still persists…

 

“The Hebrew form of the name Jesus ~ Yeshu ~ was interpreted as an acronym for the curse, ‘may his name and memory be wiped out,’ which is used as an extreme form of abuse. In fact, anti-zionist Orthodox Jews (such as Neturey Qarta) sometimes refer to Herzl as ‘Herzl Jesus’ and I have found in religious zionist writings expressions such as “Nasser Jesus” and more recently ‘Arafat Jesus.” ~ Dr. Israel Shahak, Jewish History, Jewish Religion, pp. 97- 98, 118

Unitarian Christians who were massacred by the Romans worshipped Yashua as a Messiah sent by God.

 

Here is what the Babylonian Talmud says about Yashua-Jesus-Isa:

 

The hate towards Jesus, Mary and non-Jews in the Talmud and the love for Jesus and Mary in the Koraan

 

The Talmud is a piece of supremacist hate literature. By their deeds, ye shall know them…..

 

Part I: Jesus and the Talmud: Laughing at the Expense of the ADL

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Laughing at the Expense of the ADL: 
http://www.revisionisthistory.org/wire1.html 

Part I: Jesus and the Talmud
A Rejoinder by Michael A. Hoffman II

Author’s Note: Here is part one of my rejoinder to a ridiculous pamphlet published last February by the giant Zionist thought control organization, “ADL.” The ADL pamphlet is a farrago of misdirection, fallacy and disinformation. It is demolished with ease and I confess to being somewhat surprised that the ADL’s tissue of hilarity, masquerading as scholarly rebuttal, was the best the ADL could conjure in reply to my book, Judaism’s Strange Gods. I advise wealthy Zionists to withhold their donations to the ADL until such time as it offers at least a half-way credible riposte, in place of the pile of laughable linguistic pirouettes which it has proffered thus far in the debate concerning the pornographic contents of this rabbinic hate literature; a debate the ADL and any other rabbinic apologist, can only lose.

The ADL, headed by Abraham Foxman, is based in New York and has a multi-million dollar budget, a large staff of spies and researchers and automatic entry to the national and international establishment media. The ADL stated in a nationwide press release issued Feb. 20, 2003 that “the foremost distorters of Talmudic texts include…Michael A. Hoffman II.”

The ADL has written a shoddy and poorly researched pamphlet, “The Talmud in Anti-Semitic Polemics” to a sorry attempt to refute my book Judaism’s Strange Gods. In its section entitled “Jesus and Balaam,” the ADL asserts, “…anti-Talmud writers often attempt to portray the Talmud as demeaning the figure of Jesus. In the opinion of most scholars the Talmud only refers to Jesus in a handful of places and though these references may not reflect the courteous ecumenicism of the modern world, neither are they particularly inflammatory.”

Sanhedrin 107B of the Babylonian Talmud: “Jesus… stood up a brick to symbolize an idol and bowed down to it. Jesus performed magic and incited the people of Israel and led them astray.”

Source: The Babylonian Talmud, volume 21, Tractate Sanhedrin, Part VII, translated into English by Rabbi Adin Steinsaltz, copyright 1999 by the Israel Institute for Talmudic Publications; published by Random House in New York.

Quoting now from another Talmud passage about Jesus, Sanhedrin 43A: “On Passover Eve they hanged Jesus of Nazareth. He practiced sorcery, incited and led Israel astray…Was Jesus of Nazareth deserving of a search for an argument in his favor? He was an enticer and the Torah says, ‘You shall not spare, nor shall you conceal him!”

The Talmud in this passage decrees that Jesus got what he deserved when he was executed on Passover Eve. The Talmud says that he did not have any mercy shown him –“You shall not spare him” the rabbis are quoted by the Talmud as having decreed.

There is another interesting aspect to Sanhedrin 43a. Nowadays, in deference to “Judaic sensibilities,” movies, TV and literature are compelled to put the onus of blame for the execution of Jesus on the Romans. But the Talmud in Sanhedrin 43a makes no mention of any Roman guilt for the execution of Christ. The rabbinic commentary in Sanhedrin 43a states that out of deference to the Romans’ concern for Jesus’ welfare, a pretense of an argument on Christ’s behalf had to be mounted by the Sanhedrin because Jesus had “close connections with the non-Jewish authorities who were interested in his acquittal.”

The ADL must have a very low opinion of the intelligence of the average American. Let us recall that the Talmud, in Tractate Baba Kamma 113a, decrees that a Jew may lie to a gentile. The ADL uses the unique and intimidating position it occupies as America’s national thought cop and adjunct of the corporate media, to lie about what the Talmud actually says about Jesus. The ADL is too dishonest to quote directly from the Talmudic passages about Jesus.

The quotes I present are taken directly from the writings about Jesus in the Talmud. I freely quote these passages because I have nothing to hide or fear from them, since they offer documentary evidence which upholds my contention concerning the bigoted, anti-Christ contents of the Talmud.

The ADL knows that if their staff “experts” publicly quoted the actual Talmudic statements about Christ, they would instantly reveal the institutionalized hatred and blasphemy of Jesus Christ that is formally enshrined within the religion of Judaism. Hence, the ADL dares not actually quote the Talmudic writings about Jesus.

Instead, the ADL merely talks about what it claims is and is not in the Talmud. Why doesn’t the ADL quote the passages in Talmud Tractates Sanhedrin and Gittin? Because they cannot. If they should do so, their staple fictions would fall by the wayside. Failing to quote directly from what the Talmud says about Jesus Christ is a glaring omission which eloquently testifies to the bankruptcy of the ADL’s Talmudic whitewash, and the shoddiness of their pseudo-scholarly “refutation” of Judaism’s Strange Gods. The ADL is just too cowardly and intellectually dishonest to quote the Talmud passages about Jesus which it seeks to deny or falsify.

I have quoted from Talmud Tractate Sanhedrin 107b, which declares that Jesus bowed down to a brick and worshipped it and that he practiced magic, and from Sanhedrin 43a, which says that it was right to kill Jesus and that he got what he deserved. According to the ADL these consummate examples of rabbinic hatred and contempt for Christ, are “not particularly inflammatory.”

The source of Judaic bigotry and hatred for Christ and His Church is in the Talmud. I should like to add that nowhere in the religion of Islam is Christ defamed. In fact, Jesus Christ is upheld as a prophet by the Muslims and His Name is reverenced, as is His Mother, Mary.

To highlight the absurdity of the ADL’s response, let us consider the horrible malice found in the anti-Christ Talmud Tractate Gittin 57a. In some censored versions of Gittin 57a, the name of Jesus is rendered as “sinner (or ‘sinners’) of Israel.” The Talmud in Gittin 57a contains a filthy and unbelievably scurrilous attack on Jesus Christ pertaining to a punishment Jesus supposedly underwent after his death. As is its custom, the ADL shies away from actually quoting Gittin 57a. It falls to us to reveal the contents of this ugly and psychotic Talmud section:

“He (the rabbi) then went and raised by incantations the sinners of Israel. He asked them…What is your punishment? They replied: With boiling (in) hot excrement.”

The Talmud decrees that Jesus is in hell, being boiled in feces, because he opposed the rabbis. That’s what this sick, pornographic, “holy book” of Judaism says about the Christian Savior in Tractate Gittin 57a.

Without daring to cite or refer to Gittin 57a directly, the ADL’s convoluted defense of this passage is as follows: “…the Talmud bears much harsher animus toward the Biblical figure of Balaam, the pagan magician who sought to curse the Jews…Rabbinic tradition…describes some of the punishments he (Balaam) may have suffered after his death…a small group of Jewish scholars suggested that in some cases the term Balaam in the Talmud may be a codeword for Jesus…later scholars showed that this suggestion could not be true…anti-Semites have ever since claimed that the true hatred that Judaism possesses for Christianity is expressed in these coded expressions against Balaam found in the Talmud.”

But Gittin 57a in the Soncino edition of the Talmud, which the ADL cites as a reputable source (see p. 13 of the ADL pamphlet), refers not to Balaam in this bigoted and hateful passage, but to the “sinners of Israel.” It looks as though the comedians in the ADL’s vaunted “research department” neglected to concoct a tall-tale explanation for how the coded “sinners of Israel” term is not a reference to Christ. They blustered about “Balaam” at length but forgot to offer any similar exegesis of “sinners of Israel.” What a joke!

Gittin 57a in the Soncino edition, with its reference to “sinners of Israel” being “boiled in hot excrement,” contains a footnote for the passage, labeled footnote #4. Located at the bottom of the page of Gittin 57a, footnote #4 makes reference to the fact that “sinners of Israel” is indeed a coded reference to Jesus!

The only way the ADL can extricate itself from this sinkhole of its own making, is to posit the notion that the Soncino edition Talmud, edited by Rabbi Isidore Epstein, PhD. and recommended by the ADL itself, is “anti-Semitic.” Otherwise, they have contradicted themselves and failed miserably in endeavoring to show that the Talmud does not contain psychotic and despicable insults and attacks on Jesus Christ.

Contrary to the ADL line, it is not an act of prejudice to tell the truth about the contents of the Talmud. Such truth-telling in Judaism’s Strange Gods http://www.revisionisthistory.org/cgi-bin/store/agora.cgi?p_id=83 is a legitimate and salutary function of historical and exegetical inquiry and is equally liberating to “frum Yiddin” (Judaics who are enslaved by rigorous observance of rabbinic dictates and traditions), as well as to goyim who are held in thrall to the rabbis by Zionist politicians, media moguls and the hirelings of Judeo-Churchianity.

This ends Part I of Hoffman’s Rejoinder to the ADL’s pamphlet “The Talmud in Anti-Semitic Polemics.”

Caveat: There is the possibility that the ADL may modify or otherwise alter its thoroughly bogus pamphlet as a covert response to the demolition of it herein. Therefore, it should be noted that the preceding part one rejoinder is to the original ADL pamphlet published in February of 2003, and not to any subsequent version they may quietly choose to alter and substitute for it, in order to attempt to salvage whatever may be left of their seriously diminished credibility.

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
March, 2003
ADL Attacks Talmud Exposé
by Michael A. Hoffman II
Copyright (c) 2003 by hoffman-info.com

The Anti-Defamation League of B’nai B’rith knows that the book Judaism’s Strange Gods is winning converts to our Cause from around the globe, including formerly “frum” Jewish persons who find personal liberation in being set free of the evil Talmudic micro-management that oppresses every moment and detail of their lives.

I am neither Right wing nor Left wing. I am fighting the same campaign Jesus Christ undertook and with the same Enemy. You will note that the ADL mixes me up with David Duke. All of the anti-Talmud points cited by the ADL in its press release, originate with my research, which Mr. Duke later “borrowed” for his own book, occasionally crediting me in a footnote, and many times omitting me as his source.

The ADL links me to David Duke in order to tar me with guilt by association, because, whereas Mr. Duke uses Talmud-criticism to bolster his Darwinian racial views, my educational mission vis a vis the Talmud, undermines the philosophical basis of all supremacy, whether Jewish or white.

The white race –at least in its current degenerate state as manifested in modern America– is in fact the golem of the rabbis. Without the unstinting financial and military support of America’s white leaders and white voters, the Israelis would not have one-tenth their power in the world today.

As Dr. Tony Martin, professor of African History at Wellesley College elucidated in his lecture The Judaic Role in the Black Slave Trade, the root of anti-black racism is found in the Midrashic exegesis concerning Noah’s son, Ham.

This rabbinic doctrine in turn influenced Freemasons and masonic sympathizers within and outside the Ku Klux Klan (most notably Wesley Swift of “Seedline Identity”), who taught the specious dogma that there is a Biblical basis for anti-black racism, when in fact anti-black racism emanates from the rabbis of Judaism, including the “greatest of them all” Maimonides, and not the Patriarchs of the Old Testament.

This is a critical distinction and one that needs to be made in order to defeat the ADL’s deceitful attempt to ally me with “white supremacists” like David Duke, in order to obstruct my indictment of Jewish supremacists like Abraham Foxman.

It is not Michael Hoffman who is destructive of Jewish people. It is the Talmud and those who seek to maintain its insidious hold on Jewish persons who are the real “Jew haters.”

For true Jews there is only one divinely-inspired book, The Bible — not the Talmud! The Bible liberates, the Talmud enslaves.
——————————————————————————–
A Reader Challenges Hoffman

Dear Mr. Hoffman,

I have two questions for you. Will you be writing a detailed comprehensive refutation to the ADL’s recent report The Talmud in Anti-Semitic Polemics which you so proudly espouse as evidence of your book’s significance? Your “reply” (on your website) is superficial and cursory to say the least, whereas the ADL report is quite compelling. Incidentally the historian Peter Myers has written a quite detailed repudiation, even if indirectly, to “Judaism’s Strange Gods,” that you can find at http://users.cyberone.com.au/myers/bible.html. Also, in your latest Revisionist History No 27 you do not quote the sources for the two photos allegedly showing bin Laden in Jewish garb. I am quite amazed you simply assert the statement, “a Talmudic newspaper,” in the caption. WHICH newspaper please? I would have expected a more rigorous footnoting scheme from you of all people.

Regards, J.B.

Hoffman replies

Thanks for writing and for the URL of the “repudiation” (I think a better word for it would be refutation) by historian what’s-his-name. There are many supposed refutations of my work online, the most prolific is by someone who calls himself “Gil Student.” All of these websites are amusing from the point of view of deceiving the goyim and uninformed secular Jewish persons. They can’t convince any Talmudically-literate person and they are crammed with non-sequiturs and sheer nonsense. For example, Gil Student’s defense of the Talmud passage that says that if a Judaic wants to do evil he should go to a city where he is not known and do the evil there (Moed Kattan 17a), is hilarious and I recommend it to all aficionados of comedy.

With regard to your first point: I suppose to a goy or even to a Jewish person who is not Talmudically-literate, the ADL report, The Talmud in Anti-Semitic Polemics, would be compelling. Actually it is a joke. Yes, I will answer it at length, when I have the time. For the present, allow me to provide you with a bare bones research lead into the ADL’s intellectual dishonesty: the ADL report “exposing” my book, Judaism’s Strange Gods, omits the Steinsaltz Talmud translated by Orthodox Rabbi Adin Steinsaltz, from the ADL’s bibliography and footnotes. The ADL “expose” only cites the older Soncino edition and the new ArtScroll version, which is in progress. Both of these versions are redacted and bowdlerized editions of the Babylonian Talmud. The Steinsaltz edition is a reasonably accurate and uncensored Babylonian Talmud (perhaps that is why Random House stopped publishing it). The Steinsaltz edition confirms the fact that Jesus Christ is mentioned in Talmud passages in which He is derided and degraded, contrary to the ADL’s absurd obscurantism in this regard. The ADL is so dishonest, they are preying on the gullibility of the goyim and the ignorance of secular Jewish persons to gain credit for their fraud. That is how brazen they are in their intellectual dishonesty.

One positive development evidenced by the ADL report is that, prior to the publication of my book, informed citations of wicked Talmud quotations were dismissed by the Judaic Establishment as “anti-Semitic fabrications.” I note however that now the ADL feels that my book has gained too much circulation and cachet and that as a result, the ADL dare not dispute the actual contents of such notorious rabbinic statements as Ketubot 11b, but rather seek to explain away this evil passage with lawyerly circumlocution.

Your second point: I am gratified that you have seen issue #27 of our Revisionist History newsletter with the photos of bin Laden in the garb of a rabbi. I have had a number of persons demand the source for these pictures and I will be happy to furnish that source when a NY Times or CBS News reporter asks for it, or when the photos become the subject of a debate with some prominent Judaic celebrity or power broker like Abraham H. Foxman or Christopher Hitchens.

I have a few excellent intelligence sources in the Israeli state. Most revisionists seldom dream of infiltrating the camp of the Enemy of Truth. They are painfully aware of the extent to which our movement has been infiltrated, but they have thus far engaged in very little counter-intelligence. But I have been assiduous in cultivating a handful of valiant and righteous Jewish persons who the rabbis would hatefully term “moiser” or “rodef.”

The photographs of bin Laden in rabbinic attire come from an Israeli publication and no, it is not “Ha’aretz,” or any such mainstream liberal organ. When I divulge the source of the photos I will very likely lose access to that source, which is providing me with a great deal of other sensitive material. For example, did you know that, according to secret rabbinic lore, the Tanakh (Old Testament) is riddled with errors that were deliberately placed in the text by the rabbis so as to keep God’s Word from the prying eyes of the goyim? In other words, to understand the Pentateuch one must obtain an arcane key to it which supposedly only the rabbis possess.

Information like this, coming from an authoritative rabbinic source, and intended to be seen only by the Holy People, is pure gold to someone like this researcher, and I am loath to give it up merely because someone demands I do so in order to prove to them my bona fides. Sorry, but I have to bigger fish to fry, and I am only willing to trade the publication’s name as a quid pro quo for massive publicity of the CNN–Washington Post variety. For example, if Timothy Egan of the NY Times–at the prodding of the ADL–were to publish an article claiming that our photos of bin Laden in the attire of a rabbi did not come from a Judaic publication, then I would immediately name the Judaic source for the photos, the better to discredit and embarrass the NY Times and make hoffman-info.com the high profile source for forbidden news and documentation, instead of the Times.

Yes, this is a battle for truth, but it is also a chess game and thus far, by the grace of God, I am winning. Your move!

Michael A. Hoffman II

Copyright (c) 2003 hoffman-info.com
The Israeli Holocaust Against the Palestinians (book)
Judaism is not the Religion of the Old Testament (CD)
——————————————————————————–
Press Release:

ADL Says Extremists Use The Talmud to Promote Anti-Semitism

New York, NY, February 20, 2003. The Talmud – the classic text of Jewish law and lore, history and philosophy – increasingly is being used by extremists to promote their anti-Semitism. In a new report, the Anti-Defamation League (ADL) exposes the lies of anti-Semites, Holocaust deniers and others who cite Talmudic texts as evidence that Judaism is “perverted” or “immoral.”

“It has become a common refrain among the anti-Semites that the Talmud is the ‘smoking gun’ that confirms their belief about Jews being stingy, malevolent and intent on world domination,” said Abraham H. Foxman, ADL National Director. “They create this myth about Jewish practices and tradition, which helps to further justify and promote their anti-Semitism.”

ADL’s report, The Talmud in Anti-Semitic Polemics, exposes how certain passages from the Talmud and other traditional Jewish texts are used to foment anti-Semitism through distortions and fabrications. The authors of anti-Talmudic polemics seek to paint Judaism as an immoral religion that preaches hatred for non-Jews and promotes obscenity, criminality, sexual perversion and other immoral acts. Widely available on the Internet, such anti-Talmudic tracts “are clearly designed to provoke hostility toward Jews,” Mr. Foxman said.

The foremost distorters of Talmudic texts include David Duke, the former Klansman and white supremacist,
and Michael A. Hoffman II, a conspiracy theorist and Holocaust denier. Among the claims refuted by the ADL report are:

*The claim that Judaism views non-Jews as “non-human;”

*The claim that Judaism encourages child molestation;

*The claim that Jews should not be trusted because they recite the Kol Nidre prayer that authorizes them to lie to non-Jews;

*The claim that Judaism demands that non-Jews who study Jewish law be put to death;

*The claim that the Talmud employs the name Bala’am as a derogatory code name for Jesus.
The Talmud in Anti-Semitic Polemics (requires Acrobat Reader, 202 kb)
(END QUOTE from the ADL’s Press Release)
——————————————————————————–
Judaism’s Strange Gods book by Michael A. Hoffman II
The Religion of Judaism: Five part study by Hoffman on five audio-cassette tapes
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Copyright 2001-2003 by Michael A. Hoffman II
Independent History & Research, Box 849, Coeur d’Alene, Idaho 83816 USA


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American Action Report said…

I hope that you make the point that the writer is discussing only an offshoot of Judaism (developed during the Babylonian Captivity) and is not representative of Orthodox Judaism (real Judaism–the Torah and such). I’ve read the Koran and found that the Koran takes a higher view of Jesus than the Talmud.
I suggest that you read the Biblical accounts of Jesus’ trial (He was tried several times before His murder). Both Caiaphus and Pontius Pilate insisted, at first, on following Jewish and Roman law in the conduct of trials and introduction of evidence; and both viewed Jesus as innocent under their laws. Both, however, caved in to the demands of the Talmudic Pharisees.
Under Jewish law, no one could be found guilty except by the testimony of two or more witnesses. Since witnesses couldn’t agree, they had nothing on Him, and under Jewish law He had to be found innocent; but they had Him crucified anyway.
Jesus had violated no Roman law, but Pontius Pilate–a political appointee with no power base of his own–feared for his job and caved in.

 

 

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What the Talmud Really Says About Jesus

“What exactly is so scandalous? How about Jesus punished in Hell for eternity by being made to sit in a cauldron of boiling excrement? That image appears in early manuscripts of the Babylonian Talmud, as does a brief account of Jesus’ trial and execution—not by the Romans but by the Jewish high court, the Sanhedrin.” 

Publisher’s Weekly story on new book called Jesus in the Talmud

Comment by David Duke – The following article appeared in Publisher’s Weekly, a mainstream literary magazine and website. It concerns a new book, Jesus in the Talmud, that exposes the shocking truth about the position of Judaism toward Jesus Christ. It was written by none other than Dr. Peter Schaefer, head of Princeton University Judaic Studies Program and one of the world’s most famous academic authorities on Judaism.  Once again my research and writings have been verified by the most respected of academics. The facts are clear. The Talmud, which is the highest authority of Judaism, not only makes hateful and pornographic attacks against Jesus Christ, it even boasts that the Jewish community, not the Romans, arrested, tried and executed Jesus. In fact, the Talmud exudes so much hatred against Jesus that it claims the Jewish priests subjected his body to a series of four different torturous executions. It is not anti-Semitic to state these facts, it is simply the truth. It is not anti-Semitic to expose Jewish extremism and hatred, again, it is simply the truth. Why is it that radical Christians or Muslims are freely exposed in the mass media, but Jewish extremism is a forbidden subject? Why is it that when a political figure exposes racial or religious hatred among Christians or Muslims, he wins media praise and “humanitarian awards,” but if a political figure dares to expose Jewish hatred and extremism, he himself is called a hater and anti-Semite? The fact is that there is no greater enemy of Jesus Christ and Christianity than Judaism and the Jewish extremists who run Israel and have so much influence over the American media and American politics. (The Washington Post admits that 50-60 percent of political contributions for President come from Jewish sources). Some so-called Christian evangelists are now raising money among Christians to support these anti-Christian, extremist Jews! For a full, thoroughly documented account of this issue, read my new 2007 edition of Jewish Supremacism.

From Publisher’s Weekly —  Will Peter Schaefer’s new book, Jesus in the Talmud (Mar.), be controversial? “I’m afraid so,” Schaefer told RBL. “That’s why I’m nervous.”

His editor at Princeton University Press, Brigitta van Rheinberg, laughed but agreed: “You think, oh, whoa, this is not going to go over well in certain circles.”

Schaefer, who heads up Princeton’s Judaic studies program, has collected and analyzed all the passages in the Talmud that apparently refer to the founder of Christianity, texts that were previously censored from Talmud editions for centuries. In his book he argues—against other scholars—that the scandalous passages indeed refer not to some other figure of ancient times but to the famous Jesus of Nazareth.

What exactly is so scandalous? How about Jesus punished in Hell for eternity by being made to sit in a cauldron of boiling excrement? That image appears in early manuscripts of the Babylonian Talmud, as does a brief account of Jesus’ trial and execution—not by the Romans but by the Jewish high court, the Sanhedrin. The Jewish community, to the extent Jews were even aware of these excised texts, has been content to let them remain obscure and unknown.

Schaefer, a distinguished German-born Christian scholar who describes classical rabbinic literature as “my first love,” has now definitively let the cat out of the bag. This undermines a widespread assumption that, of Judaism’s and Christianity’s respective sacred texts, only the Christian Gospels go out of their way to assail the rival faith, whereas Judaism’s classical texts refrain from similar attacks.

It seems fair to say now, however, that the Talmud is every bit as offensive to Christians as the Gospels are to Jews.

The Talmud’s scattered portrait of Jesus unapologetically mocks Christian doctrines including the virgin birth and the resurrection. Which isn’t to say that the rabbinic invective is meant simply to insult. In his book, the author calls the Talmud’s assault on Christian claims “devastating.”

“It is a very serious argument,” said Schaefer, who emphasizes that the rabbis’ stories about Jesus were never intended as an attempt at historically accurate narrative. Rather, in the classic Talmudic style, they encode legal and theological argumentation in the form of sometimes-imaginative storytelling.

One naturally wonders, when Jesus in the Talmud is published, what the results will be for Jewish-Christian relations. “I certainly don’t want to harm Jewish-Christian dialogue. God forbid,” Schaefer said. But dialogue requires honesty, and “I’m trying to be honest.”

The above article can be found here:  What the Talmud Really Says About Jesus!

Please also check out: ‘Israel Shahak: Blowing the lid off the Talmud and Jewish fundamentalism’ Read here

Subject: WHAT THE TALMUD SAYS ABOUT JESUS AND MARY?

 

WHAT THE TALMUD SAYS ABOUT YASHUAH-JESUS AND MARY?

 

Truth about the Talmud: Racist, Rabbinic Hate Literature

by Michael Hoffman, foremost scholar of Judaism in the English-speaking world 
________________________________________

This study is based on the Jewish-authorized Babylonian Talmud. We have published herein the authenticated sayings of the Jewish Talmud. Look them up for yourself.

We publish the following irrefutable documentation in the hope of liberating all people, including Jewish people, from the corrosive delusions and racism of this Talmudic hate literature, which is the manual of Orthodox and Hasidic Jews the world over.

The implementation by Jewish supremacists of Talmudic hate literature has caused untold suffering throughout history and now, in occupied Palestine, it is used as a justification for the mass murder of Palestinian civilians. The Talmud specifically defines all who are not Jews as non-human animals.

The Talmud Nullifies the Bible

The Jewish Scribes claim the Talmud is partly a collection of traditions Moses gave them in oral form. These had not yet been written down in Jesus’ time. Christ condemned the traditions of the Mishnah (early Talmud) and those who taught it (Scribes and Pharisees), because the Talmud nullifies the teachings of the Holy Bible.

Shmuel Safrai in The Literature of the Sages Part One (p.164), points out that in chapters 4 and 5 of the Talmud’s Gittin Tractate, the Talmud nullifies the Biblical teaching concerning money-lending: “Hillel decreed the prozbul for the betterment of the world. The prozbul is a legal fiction which allows debts to be collected after the Sabbatical year and it was Hillel’s intention thereby to overcome the fear that money-lenders had of losing their money.”

The famous warning of Jesus Christ about the tradition of men that voids Scripture (Mark 7:1-13), is in fact, a direct reference to the Talmud, or more specifically, the forerunner of the first part of it, the Mishnah, which existed in oral form during Christ’s lifetime, before being committed to writing. Mark chapter 7, from verse one through thirteen, represents Our Lord’s pointed condemnation of the Mishnah.

Unfortunately, due to the abysmal ignorance of our day, the widespread “Judeo-Christian” notion is that the Old Testament is the supreme book of Judaism. But this is not so. The Pharisees teach for doctrine the commandments of rabbis, not God.

The Talmudic commentary on the Bible is their supreme law, and not the Bible itself. That commentary does indeed, as Jesus said, void the laws of God, not uphold them. As students of the Talmud, we know this to be true.

Jewish scholar Hyam Maccoby, in Judaism on Trial, quotes Rabbi Yehiel ben Joseph: “Further, without the Talmud, we would not be able to understand passages in the Bible…God has handed this authority to the sages and tradition is a necessity as well as scripture. The Sages also made enactments of their own…anyone who does not study the Talmud cannot understand Scripture.”

There is a tiny Jewish sect which makes considerable effort to eschew Talmud and adhere to the Old Testament alone. These are the Karaites, a group which, historically, has been most hated and severely persecuted by orthodox Jewish rabbinate.

To the Mishnah the rabbis later added the Gemara (rabbinical commentaries). Together these comprise the Talmud. There are two versions, the Jerusalem Talmud and the Babylonian Talmud.

The Babylonian Talmud is regarded as the authoritative version: “The authority of the Babylonian Talmud is also greater than that of the Jerusalem Talmud. In cases of doubt the former is decisive.” (R.C. Musaph-Andriesse, From Torah to Kabbalah: A Basic Introduction to the Writings of Judaism, p. 40).

Some Teachings of the Jewish Talmud

Where a Jew Should Do Evil 
Moed Kattan 17a: If a Jew is tempted to do evil he should go to a city where he is not known and do the evil there. 
Penalty for Disobeying Rabbis 
Erubin 21b. Whosoever disobeys the rabbis deserves death and will be punished by being boiled in hot excrement in hell.

Hitting a Jew is the same as hitting God 
Sanhedrin 58b. If a heathen (gentile) hits a Jew, the gentile must be killed. 
O.K. to Cheat Non-Jews 
Sanhedrin 57a . A Jew need not pay a gentile (“Cuthean”) the wages owed him for work.

Jews Have Superior Legal Status 
Baba Kamma 37b. “If an ox of an Israelite gores an ox of a Canaanite there is no liability; but if an ox of a Canaanite gores an ox of an Israelite…the payment is to be in full.”

Jews May Steal from Non-Jews 
Baba Mezia 24a . If a Jew finds an object lost by a gentile (“heathen”) it does not have to be returned. (Affirmed also in Baba Kamma 113b). Sanhedrin 76a. God will not spare a Jew who “marries his daughter to an old man or takes a wife for his infant son or returns a lost article to a Cuthean…”

Jews May Rob and Kill Non-Jews 
Sanhedrin 57a . When a Jew murders a gentile (“Cuthean”), there will be no death penalty. What a Jew steals from a gentile he may keep. 
Baba Kamma 37b. The gentiles are outside the protection of the law and God has “exposed their money to Israel.”

Jews May Lie to Non-Jews 
Baba Kamma 113a. Jews may use lies (“subterfuges”) to circumvent a Gentile.

Non-Jewish Children are Sub-Human 
Yebamoth 98a. All gentile children are animals. 
Abodah Zarah 36b. Gentile girls are in a state of niddah (filth) from birth. 
Abodah Zarah 22a-22b . Gentiles prefer sex with cows.

Insults Against Blessed Mary 
Sanhedrin 106a . Says Jesus’ mother was a *****: “She who was the descendant of princes and governors played the harlot with carpenters.” Also in footnote #2 to Shabbath 104b of the Soncino edition, it is stated that in the “uncensored” text of the Talmud it is written that Jesus mother, “Miriam the hairdresser,” had sex with many men.

Gloats over Christ Dying Young 
A passage from Sanhedrin 106 gloats over the early age at which Jesus died: “Hast thou heard how old Balaam (Jesus) was?–He replied: It is not actually stated but since it is written, Bloody and deceitful men shall not live out half their days it follows that he was thirty-three or thirty-four years old.”

Jesus in the Talmud: 
Horrible Blasphemies Against Jesus Christ 
While it is the standard disinformation practice of apologists for the Talmud to deny that it contains any scurrilous references to Jesus Christ, certain Orthodox Jewish organizations are more forthcoming and admit that the Talmud not only mentions Jesus but disparages him (as a sorcerer and a demented sex freak). These orthodox Jewish organizations make this admission perhaps out of the belief that Jewish supremacy is so well-established in the modern world that they need not concern themselves with adverse reactions. 
For example, on the website of the Orthodox Jewish Hasidic Lubavitch group–one of the largest in the world–we find the following statement, complete with Talmudic citations: 
“The Talmud (Babylonian edition) records other sins of ‘Jesus the Nazarene’: 
1) He and his disciples practiced sorcery and black magic, led Jews astray into idolatry, and were sponsored by foreign, gentile powers for the purpose of subverting Jewish worship (Sanhedrin 43a). 
2) He was sexually immoral, worshipped statues of stone (a brick is mentioned), was cut off from the Jewish people for his wickedness, and refused to repent (Sanhedrin 107b; Sotah 47a). 
3) He learned witchcraft in Egypt and, to perform miracles, used procedures that involved cutting his flesh, which is also explicitly banned in the Bible (Shabbos 104b). 
End quote from http://www.noahide.com/yeshu.htm (Lubavitch website) June 20, 2000.

 

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The Hur Movement of Sindh (1930 – 43)

 

The Hur Movement of Sindh (1930- 43)

 

Research on Hur Movement
– MANZOOR H. KURESHI, Karachi, Sindh

….The Hur movement (1930-43) is one of the most important chapters that has played most vital role in the history of Sindh. Therefore in order to asses its impact on the pre and post independence period of modern Sindh, not only the Hur movement but the reign of two alien powers (Talpurs and British) who governed it through 19th and almost half of 20th Century also required exhaustive analysis with an eye of impartiality.

The Talpurs were a Baloach tribe from Baluchistan , soldiering in the native Kalhoras armed forces. After overthrowing their masters (1783), Talpurs turned Sindh as their personal fief which they divided into various branches of their families. Their triarchy ruled in a fashion of laissez-faire medieval monarchs, more engrossed in hunting than providing rule of law to the populace. Almost all fertile lands were either converted into royal hunting meadows or doled out to loyal clans serving in the state army. During their rule the condition of masses in general was extremely miserable to say the least.

When British conquered Sindh (1843), they brought with them various new concepts and enlightened ideas of welfare state already applied in Europe since 18th Century. They introduced modern education, latest system of administration and justice; revenue and communication; concept of planned cities on the basis of which they built Karachi post city. They not only developed roads and extensive railway infrastructure in shortest possible time, linking remotest places with main cities but also built Lloyd Barrage (1932), World’s greatest irrigation system. The lands of Sindh which were mostly dependent on seasonal rainfall, overflow of non-perennial Indus or few small size canals, now provided with network of Canals irrigating about 5 millions of acres hitherto virgin lands. Even credit of developing alphabets of modern Sindhi language goes to Sir Henry Bartle Edward Frere, then Commissioner of Sindh (1857). The institutions and infrastructure built by the British in 19th and beginning of 20th Century; were so sturdy and effective that despite total apathy shown to them subsequently are still catering to the needs of people.

The Hur revolt started during the middle of colonial period. Although this period was more benevolent, especially after East India Company was replaced by Crown (1858), which not only transformed the disposition of Sindh from medieval to modern but at the same time witnessed hectic developmental activities, carried out by the administration for the general welfare of public. This aspect needs to be analyzed.

Whereas upshot of Hur Movement was martial law imposed on lower Sindh and shifting of thousands non local ex-servicemen and Mari and Bugti tribal families who were given incentives by allotting to them thousands of acres fertile lands in Nara valley and reclaimed forest lands of ‘Mukhi forest’ hotbed of stiff resistance, as a permanent settlement. This policy changed the socio-political milieu as well as demography of Sindh forever… The colossal damage; socio-economically as well as politically, caused to the people of Sindh in the long run an outcome of confrontation with a far superior adversary; the British Empire also need to be examined by the scholars, when Hur Movement is made subject to in-depth research.

Courtesy: The Letters to the Editor, Daily Dawn Karachi


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The Skeletons of Immorality in Gandhi Family Closet are India’s Best Kept Secrets

 Mountbatten’s Wife and Nehru

NEHRU -(Feroze Khan)- GHANDHI DYNASTY

Indira & Mohammad Younus

Objective of the author

The objective behind writing this article is to acquaint the citizens of India with their national leaders and show how a dynasty has misused the democracy of this country. Several prestigious national assets and schemes are named after these lose-character people to immortalize them. Many other shocking facts are not presented in this article because of lack of supporting evidence.

Indira Priyadarshini perpetuated immorality in the Nehru dynasty.

The Early Years with Feroze Khan and the lonely Indira

Intellectual Indira was admitted in Oxford University but driven out from there for non-performance. She was then admitted to Shantiniketan University but, Guru Dev Rabindranath Tagore chased her out for bad conduct.

After driven out of Shantiniketan, Indira became lonely as father was busy with politics and mother was dieing of tuberculosis in Switzerland. Playing with her loneliness, Feroze Khan, son of a grocer named Nawab Khan who supplied wines etc to Motilal Nehru’s household  in Allahabad, was able to draw close to her. The then Governor of Maharashtra, Dr. Shriprakash warned Nehru, that Indira was having an illicit relation with Feroze Khan. Feroze Khan was then in England and he was quite sympathetic to Indira. Soon enough she changed her

religion, became a Muslim woman and married Feroze Khan in a London mosque. Indira Priyadarshini Nehru changed her name to Maimuna Begum.Her mother Kamala Nehru was totally against that marriage. Nehru was not happy as conversion to Muslim will jeopardize her prospect of  becoming Prime Minister.

Fool all of the People, all of the Times

So, Nehru asked the young man Feroze Khan to change his surname from

Khan to Gandhi. It had nothing to do with change of religion from Islam to Hinduism. It was just a case of a change of name by an affidavit. And so Feroze Khan became Feroze Gandhi, though it is an inconsistent name like Bismillah Sarma. Both changed their names to fool the public of India. When they returned to India, a mock vedic marriage was instituted for public consumption. Thus, Indira and her descendants got the fancy name Gandhi. Both Nehru and Gandhi are fancy names. As a chameleon changes its colour, this dynasty have been changing its name to hide its real identity.

Sanjay’s Shenanigans

Indira Gandhi had two sons namely Rajiv Gandhi and Sanjay Gandhi. Sanjay was originally named as Sanjiv that rhymed with Rajiv, his elder brother’s name. Sanjiv was arrested by the British police for a car theft in the UK and his passport was seized. On Indira Gandhi’s direction, the then Indian Ambassador to UK, Krishna Menon misusing his power, changed his name to Sanjay and procured a new passport.

The Nehru Dynasty Scion Sanjay Gandhi

Thus Sanjiv Gandhi came to be known as Sanjay Gandhi.

It is a known fact that after Rajiv’s birth, Indira Gandhi and Feroze Gandhi lived separately, but they were not divorced. The book “The Nehru Dynasty” (ISBN 10:8186092005) by K. N. Rao states that the second son of Indira (or Mrs. Feroze Khan) known as Sanjay Gandhi was not the son ofFeroze Gandhi. He was the son of another Muslim gentleman named  Mohammad Yunus.

Interestingly Sanjay Gandhi’s marriage with the Sikh girl Menaka took place in Mohammad Yunus’ house in New Delhi. Apparently Yunus was unhappy with the marriage as he wanted to get him married with a Muslim girl of his choice. It was Mohammad Yunus who cried the most

when Sanjay Gandhi died in plane crash.

In Yunus’ book, “Persons, Passions & Politics” (ISBN-10: 0706910176) one can discover that baby Sanjay was circumcised following Islamic custom.

 

It is a fact that Sanjay Gandhi used to constantly blackmail his

mother Indira Gandhi, with the secret of who his real father is. Sanjay exercised a deep emotional control over his mother, which he often misused. Indira Gandhi chose to ignore his misdeeds and he was indirectly controlling the Government.

When the news of Sanjay Gandhi’s death reached Indira Gandhi, her

first question was “Where are his keys and his wrist watch?”. Some deep secrets about the Nehru-Gandhi dynasty seems to be hidden in those objects. The plane accident was also mysterious. It was a new plane that nosedive to a crash and yet the plane did not explode upon impact. It happens when there is no fuel. But the flight register shows that the fuel tank was made full before take-off. Indira Gandhi using undue influence of PM’s office prohibited any inquiry from taking place. So, who is the suspect?

“The Life of Indira Nehru Gandhi” (ISBN: 9780007259304) by Katherine Frank

The book “The Life of Indira Nehru Gandhi” (ISBN: 9780007259304) by Katherine Frank sheds light on some of Indira Gandhi’s other love affairs. It is written that Indira’s first love was with her German teacher at Shantiniketan. Later she had affair with M. O. Mathai (father’s secretary), then DhirendraBrahmachari (her yoga teacher) and at last with Dinesh Singh (Foreign Minister).

 Amb. Natwar Singh-Witness

Former Foreign Minister K Natwar Singh made an interesting revelation about Indira Gandhi’s affinity to the Mughals in his book “Profile and Letters” (ISBN: 8129102358). It states that- In 1968 Indira Gandhi as the Prime Minister of India went on an official visit to Afghanistan. Natwar Sing accompanied her as an IFS officer in duty. After having completed the day’s long engagements, Indira Gandhi  wanted to go out for a ride in the evening. After going a long  distance in the car, Indira Gandhi wanted to visit Babur’s burial

place, though this was not included in the itinerary. The Afghan security officials tried to dissuade her, but she was adamant. In the end she went to that burial place. It was a deserted place. She went before Babur’s grave, stood there for a few minutes with head bent down in reverence. Natwar Singh stood behind her. When Indira had finished her prayers, she turned back and told Singh “Today we have

had our brush with history.” Worth to mention that Babur was the founder ofMughal rule in India, from which the Nehru-Gandhi dynasty have descended.

College Drop-out Rajiv Gandhi’s Moghul Dreams

It is difficult to count how many institutes of higher education are named after Rajiv Gandhi but, Rajiv Gandhi himself was a person of low calibre. From 1962 to 1965, he was enrolled for a Mechanical Engineering course at Trinity College, Cambridge. But, he left Cambridge without a degree because, he could not pass exams. Next year in 1966, he joined Imperial College, London but, again left it without  a degree.

K. N. Rao in the above said book alleges that Rajiv Gandhi became a Catholic to marry Sania Maino. Rajiv became Roberto. His son’s name is Raul and daughter’s name is Bianca. Quite cleverly the same names are presented to the people of India as Rahul and Priyanka.

In personal conduct Rajiv was very much a Mughal. On 15th August, 1988 he thundered from the ramparts of the Red Fort: “Our endeavor should be to take the country to heights to which it belonged about 250-300 years ago. It was then the reign of Aurangzeb, the ‘jeziya’ master and number one temple destroyer.”

The press conference that Rajiv Gandhi gave in London after taking over as prime minister of India was very informative. In this press conference, Rajiv boasted that he is not a Hindu but a Parsi. Feroze Khan’s father and RajivGandhi’s paternal grandfather was a Muslim gentleman from the Junagarh area of Gujarat. This Muslim grocer by the name of Nawab Khan had married aParsi woman after converting her to Islam. This is the source where from the myth of Rajiv being a Parsi was derived. Mind that he had no Parsi ancestor at all. His paternal grandmother had turned Muslim after having abandoned the Parsi religion to marry Nawab Khan. Surprisingly, Parsi Rajiv Gandhi was cremated as per Vedic rites in full view of Indian public.

High School Graduate Antonia Maino a.k.a Sonia Gandhi, daughter of an Italian Fascist

Dr. Subramanian Swamy writes that Sonia Gandhi’s name was Antonia Maino. Her father was a mason. He was an activist of the notorious fascist regime of Italy and he served five years imprisonment in Russia. Sonia Gandhi have not studied beyond high school. She learnt some English from a English teaching shop named Lennox School at the Cambridge University campus. From this fact she boasts of having studied at the prestigious Cambridge University. After learning some English, she was a waitress at a restaurant in Cambridge town.

Sonia Gandhi had intense friendship with Madhavrao  Scindia in the UK, which continued even after her marriage. One night at 2 AM in 1982, Madhavrao Scindia and Sonia Gandhi were caught alone together when their car met an accident near IIT Delhi main gate.

When Indira Gandhi and Rajiv Gandhi were Prime Ministers, PM’s security used to go to New Delhi and Chennai international airports to send crates of Indian treasures like temple sculptures, antiques, paintings etc to Rome. Arjun Singhas CM and later as Union Minister in charge of Culture used to organize the plunder. Unchecked by customs, they were transported to Italy to be sold in two shops named Etnica &Ganpati, owned by Sonia Gandhi’s sister Alessandra Maino Vinci.

Indira Gandhi died not because her heart or brain were pierced by bullets, but she died of loss of blood. After Indira Gandhi was fired upon, Sonia Gandhi strangely insisted that bleeding Indira Gandhi should be taken to Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, in opposite direction to AIIMS which had a contingency protocol to precisely deal with such events. After reaching Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, Sonia Gandhi changed her mind and demand that Indira Gandhi should be taken to AIIMS, thus wasting 24 valuable minutes. It is doubtful whether it was immaturity of Sonia Gandhi or a trick to speedily bring her husband to power.

Rajesh Pilot and Madhav Rao Scindia were strong contenders to the Prime Minister’s post and they were road blocks in Sonia Gandhi’s way to power. Both of them died in mysterious accidents.

There are circumstantial evidences pointing to the prima facie possibility that the Maino family have contracted LTTE to kill Rajiv Gandhi. Nowadays, Sonia Gandhi is quite unabashed in having political alliance with those like MDMK,PMK and DMK who praise Rajiv Gandhi’s killers. No Indian widow would ever do that. Such circumstances are many, and raise a doubt. An investigation into Sonia’s involvement in Rajiv’s assassination is necessary.

Dr. Subramanian Swamy’s book “Assassination Of Rajiv Gandhi — Unasked Questions and Unanswered Queries” (ISBN : 81-220-0591-8).

You may read Dr.Subramanian Swamy’s book “Assassination Of Rajiv Gandhi — Unasked Questions and Unanswered Queries” (ISBN : 81-220-0591-8). It contains indications of such conspiracy.

Sonia Gandhi, Rahul, and Priyanka- Italian Citizenship : How many Pakistani politicians have dual citizenship?

In 1992, Sonia Gandhi revived her citizenship of Italy under Article 17 of the Italian Citizenship Law. Under Italian law, Rahul and Priyanka are Italian citizens because Sonia was an Italian citizen when she gave birth to them.Rahul Gandhi’s Italian is better than his Hindi. Rahul Gandhi is an Italian citizen is relevant from the fact that on 27th September 2001 he was detained by the FBI at Boston airport, USA for traveling on an Italian passport. If a law is made in

India that important posts like that of President and Prime Minister should not be held by a person of foreign origin, then Rahul Gandhi automatically disqualifies to contend for the post of Prime Minister.

Rahul Gandhi, a Bilawal Bhutto type party animal or “Munna Bhai, MBBS”

After finishing school education, Rahul Gandhi got admission at the St. Stephens College in New Delhi, not on merit basis but on sports quota of rifle shooting. After a brief stay there in 1989-90, he did his BA from Rollins College, Florida in 1994. Just for doing BA one need not go to the US. The very next year, in 1995 he got M.Phil., degree from Trinity College, Cambridge. The genuineness of this degree is questioned as he has done M.Phil. without doing MA. Amaratya Sen’shelping hand is thought to be behind. Many of you might have seen thefamous movie “Munna Bhai MBBS”.

 High Life and Hypocrisy of Gandhi Dynasty : India’s poor can eat cake!

In 2008 Rahul Gandhi was prevented from using an auditorium of the ChandraShekhar Azad University in Kanpur for a students’ rally. Subsequently, the Vice-Chancellor of the university, V.K. Suri, was ousted by the UP Governor. During 26/11 when the whole country was tense about how to tackle the Mumbai terror, Rahul Gandhi was lavishly partying with his friends till 5 AM. Rahul Gandhi advises austerity for all Congress members. He says it is the duty of all politicians to

be austere. On the other hand he has a ministerial bungalow with a fully equipped gym. He is a regular member of at least two of the Delhi’s poshest gyms, one of which is 5-star rated. Rahul Gandhi’s trip to Chennai in 2009 to campaign for austerity cost the party more than Rs 1 Crore. Such inconsistencies show that initiatives taken by Rahul Gandhi are not his own but, workout of his party men only.

Heritage of Sexual Escapades continue: Rahul Gandhi’s Live-in Girl Friend Veronica

During the 2007 election campaign in Uttar Pradesh, Rahul Gandhi said that “if anyone from the Nehru-Gandhi family had been active in politics then, the Babri Masjid would not have fallen”. It doubtlessly shows his Mohammedan affiliation as a loyalty to his ancestors. On Dec 31, 2004, John M. Itty, a retired college professor in Alappuzha district of Kerala, contended that action should be taken against

Rahul Gandhi and his girlfriend Juvenitta alias Veronica for staying together for three days at a resort in Kerela. It is a criminal offense under Immoral Trafficking Act as they are not married. Anyway, one more foreigner daughter-in-law is waiting to rule the tolerant Indians.

Sonia and Rahul Gandhi’s  US $2 Billion in Swiss Banks

The Swiss magazine Schweizer Illustrierte’s 11th November 1991 issue revealed that Rahul Gandhi was the beneficiary of accounts worth US $2 billion controlled by his mother Sonia Gandhi. A report from the Swiss Banking Association in 2006 revealed that the combined deposits of Indian citizens are far greater than any other nation, a total of US $1.4 trillion, a figure exceeding the GDP of India. This dynasty rules greater than half of India. Ignoring the center, out of 28 states and 7 union territories, more than half of them have Congress government at any point of time. UptoRajiv Gandhi there was Mughal rule in India, with Sonia Gandhi, the Rome rule on India have started.

 

 

 

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Arabic mathematics : forgotten brilliance?

 

Arabic mathematics : forgotten brilliance?


Recent research paints a new picture of the debt that we owe to Arabic/Islamic mathematics. Certainly many of the ideas which were previously thought to have been brilliant new conceptions due to European mathematicians of the sixteenth, seventeenth and eighteenth centuries are now known to have been developed by Arabic/Islamic mathematicians around four centuries earlier. In many respects the mathematics studied today is far closer in style to that of the Arabic/Islamic contribution than to that of the Greeks.

There is a widely held view that, after a brilliant period for mathematics when the Greeks laid the foundations for modern mathematics, there was a period of stagnation before the Europeans took over where the Greeks left off at the beginning of the sixteenth century. The common perception of the period of 1000 years or so between the ancient Greeks and the European Renaissance is that little happened in the world of mathematics except that some Arabic translations of Greek texts were made which preserved the Greek learning so that it was available to the Europeans at the beginning of the sixteenth century.

That such views should be generally held is of no surprise. Many leading historians of mathematics have contributed to the perception by either omitting any mention of Arabic/Islamic mathematics in the historical development of the subject or with statements such as that made by Duhem in [3]:-

… Arabic science only reproduced the teachings received from Greek science.

Before we proceed it is worth trying to define the period that this article covers and give an overall description to cover the mathematicians who contributed. The period we cover is easy to describe: it stretches from the end of the eighth century to about the middle of the fifteenth century. Giving a description to cover the mathematicians who contributed, however, is much harder. The works [6] and [17] are on “Islamic mathematics”, similar to [1] which uses the title the “Muslim contribution to mathematics”. Other authors try the description “Arabic mathematics”, see for example [10] and [11]. However, certainly not all the mathematicians we wish to include were Muslims; some were Jews, some Christians, some of other faiths. Nor were all these mathematicians Arabs, but for convenience we will call our topic “Arab mathematics”.

The regions from which the “Arab mathematicians” came was centred on Iran/Iraq but varied with military conquest during the period. At its greatest extent it stretched to the west through Turkey and North Africa to include most of Spain, and to the east as far as the borders of China.

The background to the mathematical developments which began in Baghdad around 800 is not well understood. Certainly there was an important influence which came from the Hindu mathematicians whose earlier development of the decimal system and numerals was important. There began a remarkable period of mathematical progress with al-Khwarizmi‘s work and the translations of Greek texts.

This period begins under the Caliph Harun al-Rashid, the fifth Caliph of the Abbasid dynasty, whose reign began in 786. He encouraged scholarship and the first translations of Greek texts into Arabic, such as Euclid‘s Elements by al-Hajjaj, were made during al-Rashid’s reign. The next Caliph, al-Ma’mun, encouraged learning even more strongly than his father al-Rashid, and he set up the House of Wisdom in Baghdad which became the centre for both the work of translating and of of research. Al-Kindi (born 801) and the three Banu Musa brothers worked there, as did the famous translator Hunayn ibn Ishaq.

We should emphasise that the translations into Arabic at this time were made by scientists and mathematicians such as those named above, not by language experts ignorant of mathematics, and the need for the translations was stimulated by the most advanced research of the time. It is important to realise that the translating was not done for its own sake, but was done as part of the current research effort. The most important Greek mathematical texts which were translated are listed in [17]:-

Of Euclid‘s works, the Elements, the Data, the Optics, the Phaenomena, and On Divisions were translated. Of Archimedes‘ works only two – Sphere and Cylinder and Measurement of the Circle – are known to have been translated, but these were sufficient to stimulate independent researches from the 9th to the 15th century. On the other hand, virtually all of Apollonius‘s works were translated, and of Diophantus and Menelaus one book each, the Arithmetica and the Sphaerica, respectively, were translated into Arabic. Finally, the translation of Ptolemy‘s Almagest furnished important astronomical material.

The more minor Greek mathematical texts which were translated are also given in [17]:-

… Diocles‘ treatise on mirrors, Theodosius‘s Spherics, Pappus‘s work on mechanics, Ptolemy‘s Planisphaerium, and Hypsicles‘ treatises on regular polyhedra (the so-called Books XIV and XV of Euclid‘s Elements) …

Perhaps one of the most significant advances made by Arabic mathematics began at this time with the work of al-Khwarizmi, namely the beginnings of algebra. It is important to understand just how significant this new idea was. It was a revolutionary move away from the Greek concept of mathematics which was essentially geometry.

Algebra was a unifying theory which allowed rational numbers, irrational numbers, geometrical magnitudes, etc., to all be treated as “algebraic objects”. It gave mathematics a whole new development path so much broader in concept to that which had existed before, and provided a vehicle for future development of the subject. Another important aspect of the introduction of algebraic ideas was that it allowed mathematics to be applied to itself in a way which had not happened before. As Rashed writes in [11] (see also [10]):-

Al-Khwarizmi‘s successors undertook a systematic application of arithmetic to algebra, algebra to arithmetic, both to trigonometry, algebra to the Euclidean theory of numbers, algebra to geometry, and geometry to algebra. This was how the creation of polynomial algebra, combinatorial analysis, numerical analysis, the numerical solution of equations, the new elementary theory of numbers, and the geometric construction of equations arose.

Let us follow the development of algebra for a moment and look at al-Khwarizmi‘s successors. About forty years after al-Khwarizmi is the work of al-Mahani (born 820), who conceived the idea of reducing geometrical problems such as duplicating the cube to problems in algebra. Abu Kamil (born 850) forms an important link in the development of algebra between al-Khwarizmi and al-Karaji. Despite not using symbols, but writing powers of x in words, he had begun to understand what we would write in symbols as xn.xm = xm+n. Let us remark that symbols did not appear in Arabic mathematics until much later. Ibn al-Banna and al-Qalasadi used symbols in the 15th century and, although we do not know exactly when their use began, we know that symbols were used at least a century before this.

Al-Karaji (born 953) is seen by many as the first person to completely free algebra from geometrical operations and to replace them with the arithmetical type of operations which are at the core of algebra today. He was first to define the monomials xx2x3, … and 1/x, 1/x2, 1/x3, … and to give rules for products of any two of these. He started a school of algebra which flourished for several hundreds of years. Al-Samawal, nearly 200 years later, was an important member of al-Karaji‘s school. Al-Samawal (born 1130) was the first to give the new topic of algebra a precise description when he wrote that it was concerned:-

… with operating on unknowns using all the arithmetical tools, in the same way as the arithmetician operates on the known.

Omar Khayyam (born 1048) gave a complete classification of cubic equations with geometric solutions found by means of intersecting conic sections. Khayyam also wrote that he hoped to give a full description of the algebraic solution of cubic equations in a later work [18]:-

If the opportunity arises and I can succeed, I shall give all these fourteen forms with all their branches and cases, and how to distinguish whatever is possible or impossible so that a paper, containing elements which are greatly useful in this art will be prepared.

Sharaf al-Din al-Tusi (born 1135), although almost exactly the same age as al-Samawal, does not follow the general development that came through al-Karaji‘s school of algebra but rather follows Khayyam‘s application of algebra to geometry. He wrote a treatise on cubic equations, which [11]:-

… represents an essential contribution to another algebra which aimed to study curves by means of equations, thus inaugurating the beginning of algebraic geometry.

Let us give other examples of the development of Arabic mathematics. Returning to the House of Wisdom in Baghdad in the 9th century, one mathematician who was educated there by the Banu Musa brothers was Thabit ibn Qurra(born 836). He made many contributions to mathematics, but let us consider for the moment consider his contributions to number theory. He discovered a beautiful theorem which allowed pairs of amicable numbers to be found, that is two numbers such that each is the sum of the proper divisors of the other. Al-Baghdadi (born 980) looked at a slight variant of Thabit ibn Qurra‘s theorem, while al-Haytham (born 965) seems to have been the first to attempt to classify all even perfect numbers (numbers equal to the sum of their proper divisors) as those of the form 2k-1(2k – 1) where 2k – 1 is prime.

Al-Haytham, is also the first person that we know to state Wilson’s theorem, namely that if p is prime then 1+(p-1)! is divisible by p. It is unclear whether he knew how to prove this result. It is called Wilson’s theorem because of a comment made by Waring in 1770 that John Wilson had noticed the result. There is no evidence that John Wilson knew how to prove it and most certainly Waring did not. Lagrange gave the first proof in 1771 and it should be noticed that it is more than 750 years after al-Haytham before number theory surpasses this achievement of Arabic mathematics.

Continuing the story of amicable numbers, from which we have taken a diversion, it is worth noting that they play a large role in Arabic mathematics. Al-Farisi (born 1260) gave a new proof of Thabit ibn Qurra‘s theorem, introducing important new ideas concerning factorisation and combinatorial methods. He also gave the pair of amicable numbers 17296, 18416 which have been attributed to Euler, but we know that these were known earlier than al-Farisi, perhaps even by Thabit ibn Qurra himself. Although outside our time range for Arabic mathematics in this article, it is worth noting that in the 17th century the Arabic mathematician Mohammed Baqir Yazdi gave the pair of amicable number 9,363,584 and 9,437,056 still many years before Euler‘s contribution.

Let us turn to the different systems of counting which were in use around the 10th century in Arabic countries. There were three different types of arithmetic used around this period and, by the end of the 10th century, authors such as al-Baghdadi were writing texts comparing the three systems.

1. Finger-reckoning arithmetic.
This system derived from counting on the fingers with the numerals written entirely in words; this finger-reckoning arithmetic was the system used by the business community. Mathematicians such as Abu’l-Wafa (born 940) wrote several treatises using this system. Abu’l-Wafa himself was an expert in the use of Indian numerals but these:-

… did not find application in business circles and among the population of the Eastern Caliphate for a long time.

Hence he wrote his text using finger-reckoning arithmetic since this was the system used by the business community.

2. Sexagesimal system.
The second of the three systems was the sexagesimal system, with numerals denoted by letters of the Arabic alphabet. It came originally from the Babylonians and was most frequently used by the Arabic mathematicians in astronomical work.

3. Indian numeral system.
The third system was the arithmetic of the Indian numerals and fractions with the decimal place-value system. The numerals used were taken over from India, but there was not a standard set of symbols. Different parts of the Arabic world used slightly different forms of the numerals. At first the Indian methods were used by the Arabs with a dust board. A dust board was needed because the methods required the moving of numbers around in the calculation and rubbing some out as the calculation proceeded. The dust board allowed this to be done in the same sort of way that one can use a blackboard, chalk and a blackboard eraser. However, al-Uqlidisi (born 920) showed how to modify the methods for pen and paper use. Al-Baghdadi also contributed to improvements in the decimal system.

It was this third system of calculating which allowed most of the advances in numerical methods by the Arabs. It allowed the extraction of roots by mathematicians such as Abu’l-Wafa and Omar Khayyam (born 1048). The discovery of the binomial theorem for integer exponents by al-Karaji (born 953) was a major factor in the development of numerical analysis based on the decimal system. Al-Kashi (born 1380) contributed to the development of decimal fractions not only for approximating algebraic numbers, but also for real numbers such as π. His contribution to decimal fractions is so major that for many years he was considered as their inventor. Although not the first to do so, al-Kashi gave an algorithm for calculating nth roots which is a special case of the methods given many centuries later by Ruffini and Horner.

Although the Arabic mathematicians are most famed for their work on algebra, number theory and number systems, they also made considerable contributions to geometry, trigonometry and mathematical astronomy. Ibrahim ibn Sinan(born 908), who introduced a method of integration more general than that of Archimedes, and al-Quhi (born 940) were leading figures in a revival and continuation of Greek higher geometry in the Islamic world. These mathematicians, and in particular al-Haytham, studied optics and investigated the optical properties of mirrors made from conic sections. Omar Khayyam combined the use of trigonometry and approximation theory to provide methods of solving algebraic equations by geometrical means.

Astronomy, time-keeping and geography provided other motivations for geometrical and trigonometrical research. For example Ibrahim ibn Sinan and his grandfather Thabit ibn Qurra both studied curves required in the construction of sundials. Abu’l-Wafa and Abu Nasr Mansur both applied spherical geometry to astronomy and also used formulas involving sin and tan. Al-Biruni (born 973) used the sin formula in both astronomy and in the calculation of longitudes and latitudes of many cities. Again both astronomy and geography motivated al-Biruni‘s extensive studies of projecting a hemisphere onto the plane.

Thabit ibn Qurra undertook both theoretical and observational work in astronomy. Al-Battani (born 850) made accurate observations which allowed him to improve on Ptolemy‘s data for the sun and the moon. Nasir al-Din al-Tusi (born 1201), like many other Arabic mathematicians, based his theoretical astronomy on Ptolemy‘s work but al-Tusi made the most significant development of Ptolemy‘s model of the planetary system up to the development of the heliocentric model in the time of Copernicus.

Many of the Arabic mathematicians produced tables of trigonometric functions as part of their studies of astronomy. These include Ulugh Beg (born 1393) and al-Kashi. The construction of astronomical instruments such as the astrolabe was also a speciality of the Arabs. Al-Mahani used an astrolabe while Ahmed (born 835), al-Khazin (born 900), Ibrahim ibn Sinanal-QuhiAbu Nasr Mansur (born 965), al-Biruni, and others, all wrote important treatises on the astrolabe.Sharaf al-Din al-Tusi (born 1201) invented the linear astrolabe. The importance of the Arabic mathematicians in the development of the astrolabe is described in [17]:-

The astrolabe, whose mathematical theory is based on the stereographic projection of the sphere, was invented in late antiquity, but its extensive development in Islam made it the pocket watch of the medievals. In its original form, it required a different plate of horizon coordinates for each latitude, but in the 11th century the Spanish Muslim astronomer az-Zarqallu invented a single plate that worked for all latitudes. Slightly earlier, astronomers in the East had experimented with plane projections of the sphere, and al-Biruni invented such a projection that could be used to produce a map of a hemisphere. The culminating masterpiece was the astrolabe of the Syrian Ibn ash-Shatir (1305-75), a mathematical tool that could be used to solve all the standard problems of spherical astronomy in five different ways.

References (21 books/articles)

Other Web sites:

  1. Astroseti (A Spanish translation of this article)
  2. Math Forum
  3. Reference:http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/HistTopics/Arabic_mathematics.html

 

 

Article by: J J O’Connor and E F Robertson


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Mr. Orya Maqbool Jan — Columnist, Senior Journalist Speaking at Hajvery University (HU)


Mr. Orya Maqbool Jan — Columnist, senior Journalist, expressed his desire for a country where people owned their culture, identity and language. He added that only technological and economic development could not ensure success. He said Pakistan should follow the example of Iran, a country that he said, had stuck to its language and culture and was all the better because of it. TEDxHUP International Conference was Organized by Hajvery University (HU) under license from TED, USA. It was held on Saturday, February 4 at the HU. The Conference brought together the Movers & Shakers of Pakistan as Keynote Speakers.The Theme of the Conference was — I Dream of a Pakistan.. You can view Videos of TEDx Talks by these remarkable speakers on www.TEDxHUP.com, and www.hup.edu.pk FOR MORE DETAILS ABOUT SUCH CONFERENCES, AND ATTENDING FUTURE CONFERENCES, VISIT WWW.HUP.EDU.PK Thank you for all the appreciation we received, it will inspire us to arrange even more remarkable events in future! =) Hajvery University (HU) w: www.hup.edu.pk e: [email protected] blog: hup.edu.pk/blog uan: 042- 111 777 007

This is the Office Channel of Hajvery University (HU). It helps you keep up with the news and events of HU, with regular entries of happenings, and events. For more detail visit HUP blog: www.hup.edu.pk/blog

Hajvery University From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Hajvery University Motto Motto in English Established Type Location Campus Colors Website
Kashf Al Mahjub[1]
Unveiling the Veiled
2002[2]
Private university
Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
Urban/suburban
Red and blue
hup.edu.pk HU Main Entrance
Hajvery University (HU) is an institution of higher education in Lahore, Pakistan. HU is chartered by the government of Pakistan as an Autonomous Degree Awarding Institution.[3] The Higher Education Commission of Pakistan recognizes Hajvery University as a “category W” institution.[4]

Hajvery University has a main campus in the Industrial Area of Gulberg III, Lahore; a second campus (called the Euro Campus) near Gulberg III; a third campus under construction in Multan; and a fourth campus planned for Dubai.[5] The university has six constituent schools, each focused on a specific field of study: business; commerce and banking; engineering and computer science; fashion design; humanities and social sciences; and pharmacy.[6] The library at the main campus provides support for the courses offered with books, videos, journals and other reference sources.[5]

International relations

HU has international linkages and student/academic/staff exchange agreements with over 35 reputed universities from around world.[7] HU was a joint signatory of Erasmus Mundus 2009, 2010 Mobility Program. Some of the recent memorandums of understandings are with Istanbul Technical University (ITU)[8] and Ozyegin University, Istanbul.[9]

References

^ “Hajvery University Mission Statement”. Hajvery University. Retrieved 2010-08-16. ^ “Charter, Reputation & Accreditation”. Hajvery University. Retrieved 2010-08-16. ^ http://www.hup.edu.pk/features/charter-reputation-a-accreditation.html ^ “List of excluded universities in Pakistan”. Higher Education Commission of Pakistan. Retrieved 2010-08-16. ^ a b “The HU edge: Our Study Environment & Facilities”. Hajvery University. Retrieved 2010-08-16. ^ “Academics”. Hajvery University. Retrieved 2010-08-16. ^ Joint Signatory ^ HU & ITU MoU ^ HU OzU MoU HU Website

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