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Major U.S. Arms Sales and Grants to Pakistan Since 2001
Prepared by the Congressional Research Service for distribution to multiple congressional offices, March 7, 2013
Major U.S. arms sales and grants to Pakistan since 2001 have included items useful for counterterrorism and
counterinsurgency operations.
In dollar value terms, the bulk of purchases have been made with Pakistani national funds, although U.S. grants
have eclipsed these in recent years. The Pentagon reports total Foreign Military Sales agreements with Pakistan
worth about $5.2 billion for FY2002-FY2011 (in-process sales of F-16 combat aircraft and related equipment
account for about half of this). The U.S. Congress has appropriated more than $3 billion in Foreign Military
Financing (FMF) for Pakistan since 2001, more than two-thirds of which has been disbursed. These funds are used
to purchase U.S. military equipment for longer-term modernization efforts. Pakistan has also been granted U.S.
defense supplies as Excess Defense Articles (EDA). Discord in the U.S.-Pakistan bilateral relationship beginning
mid-FY2011 has slowed the pace of transfers considerably.
Major post-2001 defense supplies provided, or soon to be provided, under FMF include:
eight P-3C Orion maritime patrol aircraft and their refurbishment (valued at $474 million, four
delivered, three of which were destroyed in a 2011 attack by Islamist militants);
2,007 TOW anti-armor missiles ($186 million; all delivered);
more than 5,600 military radio sets ($163 million);
six AN/TPS-77 surveillance radars ($100 million);
six C-130E transport aircraft and their refurbishment ($76 million);
the Perry-class missile frigate USS McInerney , via EDA ($65 million for refurbishment;
delivered);
20 AH-1F Cobra attack helicopters via EDA ($48 million, 12 refurbished and delivered); and
Supplies paid for with a mix of Pakistani national funds and FMF include:
up to 60 Mid-Life Update kits for F-16A/B combat aircraft (valued at $891 million, with $477
million of this in FMF, Pakistan currently plans to purchase 45 such kits and 8 have been
delivered to date); and
115 M-109 self-propelled howitzers ($87 million, with $53 million in FMF).
Notable items paid or to be paid for entirely with Pakistani national funds include:
! 18 new F-16C/D Block 52 combat aircraft (valued at $1.43 billion; all delivered);
! F-16 armaments including 500 AMRAAM air-to-air missiles; 1,450 2,000-pound bombs; 500
JDAM Tail Kits for gravity bombs; and 1,600 Enhanced Paveway laser-guided kits, also for
gravity bombs ($629 million);
100 Harpoon anti-ship missiles ($298 million);
500 Sidewinder air-to-air missiles ($95 million); and
six Phalanx Close-In Weapons System naval guns ($80 million).
Major articles transferred via EDA include:
14 F-16A/B combat aircraft; and
59 T-37 military trainer jets.
Under Coalition Support Funds (part of the Pentagon budget), Pakistan received 26 Bell 412 utility helicopters,
Skirmishes between US and Pakistani troops during operation enduring freedom in Afghanistan started in june 2008, and have since then sow discord between the two countries. In 2011, after the Salala incident had killed 24 Pakistanese soldiers on the poorly defined border, Pakistan closed the ISAF supply lines for 9 months.
The ISAF supply lines that runs from Karachi to Afghanistan are much shorter than those from the NDN ( Northern Distribution Network ) and logically much cheaper.
The increasing number of UAV strikes in the FATA ( Federaly Administered Tribal Areas ) have also been sources of critics from Pakistani officials.
click for larger resolution:
*1: 8 P-3 Orion MPA. *2: 6 C-130E. *3:1 Oliver Hazard Perry FFG. *4: 20 AH-1F helicopters.
*5: 5600 military radios. *6: 6 AN/TPS-77 radars. *7: 2007 BGM-71 missiles.*8: 60 update kits for F-16A/Bfighters. *9: 115 M-109 SPH. *10: 1600 Paveway kits. *11: 18 F-16C/D fighters.
*12: 6 Phalanx CIWS. *13: 100 RGM-84 missiles. *14: 500 JDAM bombs.*15: 500 AIM-120 missiles. *16: 500 AIM-9 missiles *17: 14 F-16A/Bfighters. *18: 59 T-37 aircrafts.
FMS ( Foreign Military Sales ) and FMF ( Foreign Military Financing ) programs facilitates arms deal to foreign governments. The FMS program act as a go-between for the US arms companies and foreign governments, while the FMF program provides grants for the acquisition of U.S. defense equipment.
According to the US DoS ( Department of State ) website, the objectives pursued by FMF are:
EDA stand for Excess Defense Articles
along with related parts and maintenance, valued at $235 million. Under Section 1206, Frontier Corps, and Pakistan
Counterinsurgency Fund authorities, the United States has provided 4 Mi-17 multirole helicopters (another 6 were
provided temporarily at no cost), 4 King Air 350 surveillance aircraft, 450 vehicles for the Frontier Corps, 20
Buffalo explosives detection and disposal vehicles, helicopter spare parts, sophisticated explosives detectors, night
vision devices, radios, body armor, helmets, first aid kits, litters, and other individual soldier equipment. Through
International Military Education and Training and other programs, the United States has also funded and provided
training for more than 2,000 Pakistani military officers.
Sources: U.S. Departments of Defense and State Contact: K. Alan Kronstadt, Specialist in South Asian Affairs, 7-5415
Posted by admin in PEACE PROCESS DRONED on November 9th, 2013
Prior to and during general election campaign in 2013, the TTP militants stepped up attacks against pro-US and anti-Taliban liberal political parties and spared the conservative parties like PML-N, PTI, JUI and JI that were soft towards the Taliban and were desirous of peace talks to end the war. When liberal parties excepting MQM were routed in May 11 elections and PML-N formed governments in the centre and Punjab and coalition government in Balochistan and PTI led the coalition government in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), apparently the ground looked leveled for talks between the government and TTP. However, death of pro-peace Waliur Rahman, deputy of Hakeemullah Mehsud, along with his six close companions by a drone on May 30 vitiated the atmosphere. It was a setback for the pro-talks elements within TTP and for the government since it further hardened the stance of anti-peace hardliners in TTP led by Hakimullah to avenge Wali’s death.
Nawaz Sharif’s offer of talks to the militants sharpened the division between pro and anti-peace elements within TTP. When TTP spokesman Ehsanullah Ehsan, Punjabi Taliban leader Asmatullah Muawia and Khan Said, alias Sajna who had replaced Wali as Hakimullah’s deputy welcomed Nawaz’s offer of dialogue, Hakimullah in a huff sacked them. He replaced Sajna with Latif Mehsud, but none complied with his orders, which indicated his loosening grip.
Nawaz government realizing that economic health of the country couldn’t be revitalized without peaceful conditions organized APC on September 9, 2013 to push the peace process. Much to the chagrin of anti-peace lobbies, the APC passed a unanimous resolution seeking dialogue with the militants without pre-conditions. Positive response from the TTP welcoming the outcome of APC gave reason to believe that chances of peace talks had brightened. Encouraged by TTP’s friendly gestures, the KP government on September 14 announced withdrawal of troops from Upper Dir, Malakand and Buner but the euphoria dashed on the following day when Fazlullah led men killed Maj Gen Sanaullah Niazi and two other soldiers with IED in Upper Dir and TTP jubilantly claimed responsibility.
Soon after, a church was attacked by two suicide bombers in Peshawar, followed by a bomb blast in a bus carrying government employees, terrorist attack in Kissa Khawani and murder of PTI MPA. Notwithstanding that the TTP disowned these attacks, the incidents did rattle the peace process and gave heart to anti-peace brigade to censure PML-N and PTI for advocating talks with anti-Pakistan forces. They said that Khurasani led group and Jundullah group which claimed attacks on church and on Kissa Khawani respectively are parts of TTP. Their argument became weighty when TTP spokesman stated that from Shariah point of view, attacks were not illegal.
The TTP further complicated matters by coming out with pre-conditions. It demanded release of prisoners, withdrawal of Army from FATA and cessation of drone attacks before ceasefire and negotiations. Of all the issues, drone became the main bone of contention. Ceased with this problem, Nawaz raised this issue during his address to the UN General Assembly in end September and also during his meeting with Obama on October 23. Although Obama didn’t give any firm commitment but he assured him that the US would support peace dialogue. This was interpreted as an assurance that no drone attack would take place during the talk’s process. Interior Minister Ch Nisar doubled his efforts to achieve a breakthrough and according to him a delegation of three Ulema acceptable to both sides was to fly to North Waziristan (NW) at 10 a.m. on 01 November to hold talks with TTP delegation the same evening and all modalities had been tied up. Hakimullah had agreed to hold talks and had come to his village in NW to tie up final details of the planned meeting.
However, on October 31, Hakimullah who carried USA’s $ 5 million head bounty was killed by a drone in his newly constructed house in Danda Darpakhel close to Miranshah. Both Nisar and Imran consider the drone attack as murder of peace process and hold the US responsible for it. JUI-F, JI and other religious groups are also of the same view and maintain that the US is not a friend of Pakistan and is against peace talks. They have asked for reviewing relations with USA. Imran went a step ahead by stating that if the government failed to come out with proper strategy to deal with American vandalism, his government in KP would halt NATO supplies through Torkham. His party says that US aid has reduced Pakistan to a slave country and it is time to get rid of this fatal addiction. Pro-talks parties are urging the government to redouble efforts to start peace process to foil designs of the enemies.
The Acting Chief of TTP Shura Asmatullah Shaheen Bhittani and TTP spokesman Shahidullah have stated that no talks will be held with the puppet government beholden to USA and threatened that Hakimullah’s death will be avenged since the attack couldn’t have materialized without government’s connivance and provision of ground intelligence. They said so in the backdrop of confirmed reports of Musharraf and Zardari regimes secretly colluding with the US in drone war. But most fingers are pointing at arrested Latif Mehsud, or pro-peace elements within TTP. PML-N could become the future leading target of TTP, alleged to have played a double game and betrayed the trust.
Gen Musharraf and anti-peace brigade have rejoiced the death of Hakimullah. They say that a serial killer has ultimately been dispatched to hell. They are criticizing Nisar and Imran for their overreaction and those giving status of Shaheed to Hakimullah whose hands were drenched in blood of thousands of innocent people. They are also highlighting dangerous implications arising out of halting of supply lines and breakup of relations with USA at a time when Pakistan’s economy is gasping for life. The PPP, MQM and ANP have opposed KP government’s resolution to block supply lines after 20th. A visible split has emerged on the issue of blockage of supply lines.
Some are of the view that Hakimullah’s death may help in removing differences and in unifying militants. However, split has occurred within TTP ranks which may widen. Apart from the altercation between pro-peace and anti-peace talks in which the balance is tilted heavily towards the former, the TTP took one week to elect the new chief. The leading contenders were Maulana Fazlullah, Hafiz Saeed Khan (leader of TTP chapter Orakzai Agency), Maulana Gul Zaman from Orakzai tribe (TTP Ameer in Khyber Agency), Khan Said and Khurasani. Although Khan Said has a bigger following among tribal chiefs in South and North Waziristan and is pro-talks, however, Fazlullah who is the most aggressive and ruthless TTP leader among them has been nominated as the new chief of TTP and Sheikh Khalid Haqqani as his deputy. His election has changed the whole scenario.
Hakimullah was targeted by CIA after obtaining ground intelligence under the premise that his death would be widely hailed in Pakistan and that the US would have another scalp in its bag to brag about. CIA had a personal score to settle since Hakimullah had masterminded the deadly suicide attack against CIA Camp in Khost in December 2009 in which seven CIA agents were killed. With only one year left in ISAF’s pullout from Afghanistan and with mounting world pressure against use of drones, the US seem to be in a hurry to eliminate all the high profile terrorists on both sides of the Durand Line. Hakimullah was useful to USA and its allies as long as he was fighting Pak security forces and playing no role in war within Afghanistan. The moment he got inclined to peace talks, he turned from a good guy into a bad guy and was bumped off at a time when peace process in Pakistan was about to take off. His death is a reminder to prospective TTP leaders to do as told to do or else be-prepared for a horrible death.
Hakimullah’s death and Latif’s arrest are losses for dwindling Karzai regime and to India since the two were helping Indo-Afghan covert war to keep the western border, FATA and KP in turmoil. However, Fazlullah’s appointment as Ameer of TTP must have delighted Afghanistan and India since he has been following their instructions devotedly. Possibility of the two countries having played a role in Fazlullah’s selection cannot be ruled out. I have a hunch that he may preside over the disintegration of TTP.
Irrespective of the October 31 incident and impediments created by anti-talks lobbies, option of dialogue must be pursued. Political and religious leaders as well as Army and ISI must be on one page and all should jointly evolve a realistic strategy for conducting negotiations with TTP. Hope of a breakthrough with Fazlullah at the helms of affairs seems impossible. Current flux within TTP should be exploited by wooing and winning over pro-talks groups and isolating hardliners remote controlled by Fazlullah from Kunar. Selection of runaway Fazlullah as TTP chief fully in the grip of several foreign agencies and ignoring those who have preferred to stay within the battle zone should also be exploited. Till Fazlullah’s elevation, none from outside FATA had worn the crown. Out of four Ameers, three were from Mehsud tribe and one from Wazir tribe. While it will be problematic for Fazlullah to assert his authority over more than 50 groups operating under the wings of TTP, the Mehsuds in particular may sooner than later replace Fazlullah with another leader from their tribe.
Law enforcing and intelligence agencies must be prepared to counter upsurge in revengeful acts of terror during Muharram abetted by CIA-RAW-CDS nexus. Sudden rise in target killings in Karachi on 6 Septemberby a militant wing of a political party is a warning call that coming days will witness increase in terrorism. Punjab government should also be prepared to face the onslaught of TTP in the wake of warning sounded by Bhittani that Punjab will be their primary target. It will be difficult for NW based TTP groups to target Punjab but easier for Punjabi Taliban to do so. GHQ should give finishing touches to their contingency plan of launching a major operation in NW to flush out anti-Pakistan groups.
The writer is a retired Brig and a defence analyst. Email:[email protected]
Posted by admin in Nawaz Dangerous, Nawaz Sharif & Kashmiri Biradari, Nawaz Sharif Dangerous Man, NAWAZ SHARIF DICTATOR on November 9th, 2013
Posted by admin in SHERRY GHUMMAN FAKE PROPAGANDA MOLE on November 6th, 2013
SHERRY GHUMMAN GAVE “ITSELF” AWAY AS A CHANDIGARH HINDU ON THIS FACEBOOK COMMENT
: Sherry Ghumman Same here in chandigarh!!!!
aje.me
Posted by admin in BAD US PAKISTAN POLICY on November 3rd, 2013
Why do they hate us? This question is often asked in United States, as an aftermath 9/11. There is much debate and intellectual bylines in newspapers, magazines, and college campuses. This topic got added momentum, after US replaced the Soviets as the Invader in Resident in Afghanistan.
Crude Remarks like ‘Pakistanis Selling Their Mothers’ Are a Slap on People of Pakistan, but, Nawaz Sharif Continues to Act as US Viceroy in Pakistan
Pakistanis will sell their mothers for a dollar”, remarked an American prosecutor about Pakistani officials who had allegedly played an important role in capturing Aimal Kansi, wanted in the USA for killing two CIA officials outside the Agency’s headquarters in Langley, Virginia. God forgives easily, men seldom do. This Johnny later apologized to Pakistanis but his insult was neither forgiven nor forgotten.
Nawaz Sharif and PML (N) Stole Pakistan’s Election with US Help
The Nawaz Sharif government refuses to allow an independent
investigation of election fraud, to move forward in a timely manner. This is prompting PTI and other the opposition parties to boycott parliament.
“To some, this looks like another election crisis with Nawaz Sharif remaining in power. But this may not be the end of story as an awakened citizenry refuses to play along. ‘Integrated with the world, many Pakistanis have become too aware, too sophisticated, to accept the rule of a corrupt elite that relies on force and openly steals the fortunes of the country while trampling on individual rights.”
Persistent Meddling in Pakistan’s Internal Affairs
One of the major reason, why Pakistanis hate US, with a passion is United States’ persistent meddling into Pakistan internal affairs. From the nomination of Pakistan Army’s Chief of Staff to the conduct of 2013 elections, Pakistanis see US’s manipulative fingerprints. As a result, those who are perceived as US Bacha Jamura, or Touts, when elected are disdained to the point of morbid hatred.
The CIA “Geniuses”
The “geniuses” in CIA, who man the Pakistan or South Asia Region are clueless about the situation on the ground. They have superficial training on culture and mores of the people of Pakistan. They consider dissenting voices in Pakistan as potential US enemies, without realizing that some of these might be US friends, exasperated by US bungling and fiascoes in the region. Some of the Young Turks in CIA may come form Mid-West US and are culturally challenged about the history of Pakistan. No wonder CIA operatives, who are supposed to know better, conduct policies which them into a gang that couldn’t shoot straight.
US Interference in 2013 elections & Deliberate Election Rigging
In Pakistan the US dollar goes a long way. US State Department and the CIA treat Pakistan’s election process as a horse race, in which their horse can only win, by injecting it with illegal steroids of US dollars. US anointed are easily recognizable through overnight changes in their lifestyles, their frequent trips to bordellos or whorehouses of Dubai, Bangkok, Kuala Lumpur, Singapore, and Macao.
How US Leverages Rampant Corruption in Pakistan to its Own Advantage
Wealthy Returning Officers & Rich Judges
In the 2013 election, several RO (Returning Officers) in Punjab and Sindh became millionaires overnight, because, funding which had been allocated to development of Pakistan’s electoral process was channeled to candidates, who were from PML (N). Their election chests were fortified with funds of “unknown” origin. These funds were cleverly funneled through the network of unscrupulous Pakistanis, who are contractors for US Embassy in Islamabad. with their bulging election chests improve their chances of success. Now, if by outside chance, if US sees their horse losing, they buy-off the judges, and make the winning candidate lose. The election of Nawaz Sharif and his PML(N) is a prime example of US interference and election rigging, which took the shape of “Dhandlee,’ or “Strong Arm Rigging.” They infiltrate ready and willing political NGOs and use them as fronts for manipulating the electoral process to serve their own interests. A prime example is the 2013, “rigged “Election, which US manipulated through CIA, to bring their candidate, Nawaz Sharif as PM. The pay-off has been great Nawaz Sharif is at work as full time touts US, to escape the wrath of his electoral voters, he spends his time in foreign lands, where he either can enjoy a lavish life style or spend his ill-gotten wealth, stolen from the 180 million poor masses of Pakistan. He is also scheming and conspiring to bring another Army “Chief” from the less experienced Lt.Generals a la shades of Gen.Zia-ud-din Butt. Through this chicanery, he wants to ensure an uneventful 2014 US Exit from Afghanistan and fulfill, another mission assigned to him by his US handlers.
Clever Renunciations of US
Soon after his meeting with President Obama, Nawaz Sharif started his Anti-US Rhetoric, designed to cloak his identity as a US Asset. Nawaz Sharif’s pro-US game is ON. He has no interest in Pakistan, rather he serves as a Globe-Trotting US Viceroy in Pakistan. He travels with a retinue of “bosom buddies,” Ishaq Dar, another fellow Kashmiri, being one of them. Thus, giving credence to historical treachery of Kashmiris Elites to their own Kashmiri people. Nawaz Sharif has sold-out Kashmiris during the Kargil Crisis and gave one-on-one assurances to US President Clinton, NEVER to raise the Kashmir issue.
Shahbaz Sharif is Nawaz Sharif Plus; A Blatant Incompetent Grandiose Project Builder
The Pakistan Express Tribune describes Shahbaz Sharif
Paranoia has its consequences. Punjab Chief Minister (CM) Shahbaz Sharif’s refusal to trust civil servants beyond a core of a few favourites has resulted in a condition of organizational atrophy and administrative paralysis within the provincial government and even resulted in losses worth billions of rupees to the exchequer. “Sharif is a classic case of democratic autocracy,” said Rai Manzoor Nasir, the president of the Punjab Civil Service Officers Association, a union of government officials in the province.
Nasir alleges that no more than 12 officers whom the CM trusts, with the rest being transferred at whim, often without being given any reason, run the provincial government. According to official data examined by The Express Tribune, every departmental head in the province has been transferred, on average, four or five times over the past three years .
Punjab civil servants say that the government’s rules state that each departmental head must serve at least three years in one position, a rule that does not seem to be applied by the Sharif administration. According to sources familiar with the matter, the Punjab government transfers an average of 12 senior officials every day. “I always keep at least one bag packed at all times because I never know when I will be transferred,” said one assistant commissioner who wished to remain anonymous.
Yet the constant transfers do far more than just create inconveniences for bureaucrats. It raises the cost of running the Punjab government and frequently results in policies being haphazardly applied, which ends up resulting in incomplete development projects and excess expenses that would have been avoided had the government allowed civil servants more time in one position.
For instance, by transferring officials at the frequency that it does, the Punjab government is forced to pay travel and daily allowances to officials (to which they are entitled under both federal and provincial law). This raises the cost of salaries for the government. In addition, the lack of stable leadership in government departments results in policies being applied inconsistently, which ends up costing the government more money.
For example, six months ago, the excise and taxation department confiscated about 350 vehicles from local governments across the province and auctioned them. Within two months, the department purchased 350 vehicles for its own use at a cost greater than that which it received for auctioning the local governments’ vehicles.
In another case, the Punjab government was unable to complete the Lahore to Sialkot motorway because of the government’s inability to effectively monitor costs. The project had initially been budgeted to cost Rs23 billion, but was put on hold indefinitely after the cost doubled to Rs46 billion.
Meanwhile, many senior officers are bristling at the notion that they are being forced to report to officers several years and rank their junior. According to some officials, the government’s decision to violate rules regarding promotions and posts has caused morale to plummet within the civil service.
Other provinces are also being affected by the CM’s attitude towards governance.
The Punjab government currently has 300 federal district management group officers – the elite within the elite federal civil service – but does not need all of them. Yet it refuses to allow any of them to serve in Balochistan, which only has 19. Quetta is so desperate for DMG officers it is willing to pay double salaries for their services, but Punjab, under Sharif, refuses to let them go.
“The chief minister finds it difficult to work with officers who worked under a dictator [former president Pervez Musharraf],” said Senator Pervaiz Rashid, the Punjab government spokesperson.
The Punjab cabinet consists of 9 ministers who collectively manage 43 departments. Many provincial ministers hold up to five portfolios. The CM himself holds 14.
Control Freak Emperor Nawaz Sharif
Nawaz Sharif’s considers Pakistan as part of his Personal Jagir. He treats Pakistanis with mockery and disdain. He denigrates the people of Pakistan by treating them with benign neglect.
He has mastered the Art of Benign Neglect. Pakistanis to Nawaz Sharif are sheep and Pakistan’s second name is a Nation of Sheep. Pakistan is a gold mine to make money and spend in London, US, Dubai, and Europe. Over 90 percent of Pakistan is illiterate, despite the cooked up figures, issued by Ministry of Education.
Pakistan’s Nero Nawaz Sharif
While Pakistan burns, Nawaz Sharif its Nero fiddles in London enjoying the Halloween Party in Berkeley Square with his Bacha Jamura, Ishaq Dar. So, much for the US “Gift” of Pyrrhic Democracy for the 180 million poor of Pakistan, in this cake, they might as well have asked them, “to go and eat cake.”
And that is why Pakistan hate the US with a vengeance. Is anybody in US listening, except NSA?
OLD habits really do die hard, it seems. Three-term prime minister Nawaz Sharif has done this before, twice actually: treating parliament like a coronation ceremony that once over, he has little interest in or time for. But Mr Sharif’s habitual disdain for parliamentary traditions, like the prime minister perhaps spending some time in parliament, has a twist this time: the prime minister appears to have traded his parliamentary duties with an itinerant’s zest for wandering the globe. Where the prime minister is in any given week is rapidly becoming the parlour game du jour: forget Raiwind, Islamabad or Murree, can anyone even be sure if Mr Sharif is in Pakistan most weeks?
Of course, few places are as likely to be the choice of refuge for a Pakistani abroad as London. The unofficial summer capital of Pakistan is making a comeback of sorts after the Zardari-era Dubai has fallen out of favour. Mr Sharif is certainly more comfortable in and familiar with London than most: his family famously takes up residence in a fabulously rich neighbourhood when in town, and after several grim years in Saudi exile, he escaped to London and stayed there much of the time until his return to Pakistan in 2007. In fact, so comfortable may Mr Sharif have become in London that he might have forgotten he is the prime minister of Pakistan. For what else can explain the prime minister informing British officials that his government has initiated talks with the TTP before telling the Pakistani people and his fellow parliamentarians about something they all must certainly be anxious to know more about? Perhaps an urgent letter on behalf of the people who elected him needs to be sent to the prime minister abroad: come back, Mr Prime Minister, your country needs you, the letter could read.
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