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Posted by admin in Afghan -Taliban-India Axis, India, India Hall of Shame, Islam: The Universal Message of Peace, Pakistan Fights Terrorism on January 14th, 2013
On 10 January, 2013 in Pakistan’s southwestern city of Quetta, 82 people lost their lives in back-to-back bombings that hit an area populated primarily by ethnic Hazara Shia Muslims.
Irfan Khudi Ali, a prominent human rights activist who tirelessly highlighted the persecution of Hazara Shia in Pakistan, passed away in the second attack.
On Twitter, Ali reported narrowly escaping the first bombing in Quetta:
@khudiali : #Quetta, was on the way to home nearly escaped from bomb blast 11 ppl dead.
Maria Memon tweeted:
Ali cldnt survive the 2nd blast tonite.RIP @khudiali RT @khudiali #Quetta,was on the way to home nearly escaped 4m bomb blast 11 ppl dead
His killing has sparked a tribute to his struggle and reignited protests on Shia killings in Pakistan. Ali’slast tweet was a report from the ground regrading the migration of Hazaras as a result of persecution:
@khudiali #Hazara families of #Machh,Khuzdir finally succumbed to the genocidal pressure&moving out. Sad day for diversity in #Balochistan.
Since 2001, Hazara Shia Muslims from Quetta — have routinely been targeted by militant groups. Being a minority within a minority, the killing of Hazara Shias is one of the most underreported cases of violence in Pakistan.
Hazara.net archives statistics of killings of Hazara Shiites in Pakistan, including number of attacks and the number of people killed in the attacks thus far. According to the statistics on the site a total of 1100 Hazara Shiites have been killed in Pakistan since 1999.
Media outlets often face the heat for not acknowledging the nature of the attacks and when they do they are criticized for using the term ‘sectarian’ when a particular sect is being targeted. In an effort to create more noise and build pressure on law enforcement agencies and the government, there’s been an active debate on social media regarding the targeted killings of Shiites using the #shiakillings and #shiagenocide on Twitter. Hazara activists have, in the past, used social media to get international media’s attention in order to get their stories reported.
Well respected journalist Mohammad Hanif writes:
@mohammedhanif: there seems to be a near consensus here that calling a sectarian attack, a sectarian attack, is the major cause of sectarian attacks
@zainabimam: Well done, Faisal Qureshi (actor) for a detailed morning show on the Shia view of belief. Daring of him. Thank you from a #Shia. #Pakistan
@adyadeel: #ShiaGenocide must end. govt must take concrete steps to show that they r serious to save innocent Shia lives
Blogger Omar Biden wrote a brief yet moving tribute to Irfan Khudi Ali on his blog:
Yesterday was one of many blood-soaked days for Balochistan’s capital, Quetta. Already in the morning the residents of city got to hear a blast pow, where explosives were planted in a Frontier Corp vehicle at Bacha Khan Chowk. The explosion resulted in 12 innocent lives being perished. Indeed, it created helter-skelter between the residents to bury the dead bodies.
Yet the more-then-enough rule doesn’t work in Pakistan, at least not in Quetta. After an interval of only few hours Alamdar Road, a majorly Shia Hazara people territory, witnessed another mass massacre, still the same tactic as in the morning -bomb blast. Nevertheless this time planned “Mardanawar”, boldly, a twin-blast to claim an unforgettable catastrophe (…)
he brutal incidents cost an enormous loss to humanity indeed. It also happened to be the death of an admired friend, a human rights activist –Irfan Ali Khudi.
Allegedly, Irfan Ali Khudi, 33, had come to Quetta so that he could “deliver peace training to young activist”.
Although I intended to write my feelings, yet am leaving this post incomplete…
The blood soaked day in Quetta, as Omar puts it, is not the first of its kind and may not be the last one. The indifference has angered many, especially since the banned militant organization, Lashkar-e-Jhangvi, that claimed responsibility for the attacks are yet to be apprehended.
@sehartariq : Why do we feel more sympathy for Muslims in Gaza than we do for Muslims in #Pakistan with whom we share history & citizenship #shiagenocide
@zzzAsad : Shia pilgrims are frequently targeted on buses by sectarian militants #LeJ#ShiaGenocide
@FahidJaved : You bloody #LeJ butchers, kil me #WeAreAllHazara. Every Pakistani is Hazara, each one of us. How many wil u kill? How many bullets do u hv?
@Naseer_Kakar : Latest on #Quetta: all the victims r shifted to military hospital as doctors were threatened by #LeJ in Civil Hospital.#Balochistan #blasts
@AhmadShuja : RIP @khudiali. They took your life, but your courage and inspiration remains. #LeJ #Quetta
@ZakirChangezi : Quoting #KhudiAli “My people the Shia are dying. If I die, I want to die trying to help them”. #RIPKhudiAli
The families of the victims have refused to bury their dead and have announced that they will continue a sit-in unless the army takes action against the killing sprees. This image uploaded on Twitter shows thousands of Hazara sitting in the rain with the dead bodies of those massacred in the Quetta bombings.
@ammar_faheem : Shia protesters stage sit in on Quetta’s alamdaar road along with bodies of those martyred in yesterday’s blasts #ShiaGenocide
@AdnanSarparrah : Sit-in by the Shia community continues but handing over #Quetta to army won’t solve anything, Quetta is already under control of Army (FC)
Ali spoke at Tedx event in Rawalpindi city just a few weeks ago, watch his powerful speech here.
Ali dedicated most of his life to highlighting the plight of Hazara, for those who knew him and even those who did not, he has become a symbol of the struggle for justice for the Hazara Community in Pakistan. As the sit in continues, amid cold and rain, as families refuse to bury their loved ones, will the authorities finally take action to stop the bloodshed? Till then Ali’s story needs to be heard.
Posted by admin in Islam: The Universal Message of Peace, Pakistan Fights Terrorism, THE BATTLE FOR PAKISTAN SERIES on January 14th, 2013
SHIA + SUNNI = MUSLIMS=ISLAMIC UNITY=LIGHT OF THE WORLD
The centuries-old Shia-Sunni differences are the major obstacle to Muslim unity. The enemies of Islam to their benefit have always fanned these differences. Unfortunately, some so-called Muslim scholars on their payroll have also played a key role in keeping these differences alive.
Although I was born into a Sayyid Sunni family, I did not know of many differences while growing up as a child. Our families always respected Imam Hussain (peace be upon him) and his parents and participated in ceremonies marking the anniversary of his martyrdom (the 10th day of the month of Muharram which is called Ashura) by reciting the first chapter of the Quran (al-Fatihah) and other chapters and verses of the Quran and fasted on the ninth and tenth days of that month.
Now when I give lectures on Islam to non-Muslims, one of the questions they always ask me is if I am Shia or Sunni. I ask them if they know the difference. They have no knowledge, other than what has been given to them by the media. So they say Shias are the ones who are the bad guys, the militant version of Islam, and cause all the trouble in the Middle East these days.
These non-Muslim American audiences of mine are surprised to learn that some of the known tyrants like Saddam Hussain and troublemakers like the PLO and Hamas are all Sunnis, just as they are surprised to learn that Tariq Aziz (Iraq’s Foreign Minister) was Christian and not a Muslim.
This is what I say to them about Shi’ites.”If Ali Ibn Talib (cousin of Prophet Muhammad) was a Shia, then I am a Shia. If he was a Sunni, then I am a Sunni [i.e., a follower of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH)]. In Islam there are five recognized schools of Divine Law: 1) Hanafi; 2) Shafi; 3) Maliki; 4) Hambali and 5) Jafari.
The first four are called Sunni, and the fifth one, who in addition to following sayings and actions of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), also follows those of Ali and consider him as the rightful successor of the Prophet, are called Shia. The first four have many major theological differences among themselves and according to a Christian friend of mine, “The only time Sunnis are united is when they are fighting Shias.” Shi’ism started as a political movement (Shia means follower or partisan) to help Ali become successor of Muhammad (PBUH).
Around every successful popular figure, there are some admirers whose own future interests rest with the rise of their leader. Thus in Indiana, we have “Friends of Lugar Club”, who are hoping that some day Senator Richard Lugar will become a US President. Nationally, we now have a “Hillary Rodham Clinton Fan Club” with 4,000 members! Thus, there were the Followers of Ali Club, which later on became a political movement. During the initial battles with unbelievers, Ali, the Sword of Islam, was in the forefront and defeated and killed many of their leaders whose children and grandchildren, even when they became Muslims, always remembered who killed their father (animosity).
Ali was raised by Prophet Muhammad as a child so he knew Islam very well. Thus, when he became a judge, his judgments were based on strict Islamic principles, much to the disappointment of many who expected him to be lenient to the rich and powerful. He was so well respected and trusted by both Caliph Abu Bakr and Umar, that in difficult cases they asked his opinion.
End Bigotry: First Muslim, then Shia or Sunni
Nevertheless, I tell my non-Muslim audience that both Shia and Sunni have many things in common. They both believe in One God (Allah), follow the same Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) as the last Prophet, offer five daily-prescribed prayers, perform the prescribed fast in the month of Ramadan, go to Mecca for the pilgrimage (hajj), read the same Quran, and pay the poor-due.
However, my answers can only satisfy my uninformed non-Muslim audience. The Sunni brothers, misguided by western propaganda, who are ready to embrace non-Muslims (especially the white ones), in the pretext of invitation to Islam, will not do so for Shia. They are ignorant Sunnis. Our job as a missionary should be to invite both groups to the true Islam and not chase them out. There is a movement in the Sunni world to have Shias labeled as disbelievers. I have been told that Shaykh Bin Baz of Saudi Arabia has declared an edict that the meat of the People of Book (Jews and Christians) is permissible for Sunni Muslims to eat but not the meat slaughtered by Shias.
There are scholars on both sides, like Imam Khomeini and Shaykh Shaltut of al-Azhar who have done their best to minimize these differences and bring unity, but it is not working due to the misinformation prevailing in the common masses of Sunnis about Shi’ism. Thus I am listing their misconceptions of Shia belief and practices. For answers, I have consulted two Shia scholars in America. Dr. A. S. Hashim of Washington and Imam Muhammad Ali Elahi of Detroit.
Professor Seyyed Hossein Nasr wrote to me “to ignore and not waste time in responding to such wrong allegations.” He also mentioned that “a great deal of money and effort is being spent in the last few years to fan the fire of hatred between Shia and Sunni in the Persian Gulf region with obvious political and economical fruits for powers to-be.” However, in the interest of Islamic unity, I must deal with the questions rather than shun them. Please note that Imam Jafar (peace be upon him), founder of the Shia school of law, was the teacher of Imam Abu-Hanifa (peace be upon him).
Misconception #1: Shias have a different Quran. They add another 10 chapters to the original Quran.
Response: Not true. I have checked many times Quran kept in Shia homes and mosques. I still find it the same as the original Quran. More recently, I took care of an Iranian lady patient hospitalized here. I saw a copy of the Quran by her side. I borrowed it from her and browsed through cover-to-cover. In Arabic it was the same as our Quran. Of course, since I did not know the Persian language, I can’t say much about the translation. It is a sin to even say that the Quran can be changed or added to by Shia when God protects it.
Misconception #2: Some Shia considers Ali as God.Response: Not true. It is disbelief to even think of such a thing. During the time of Ali, some pagan groups called Gholat did consider Ali as Lord. When he found out, they were burned to death.
Misconception #3: Shias have different declarations of faith and they add to the call to prescribed prayer.Response: The declaration to become a Muslim, as administered to non-Muslims, is the same. Some Shia add to themselves, “Ali is a friend of God (PBUH) or Ali is a spiritual leader of God,” after the call to prescribed prayer, but not as part of the call to prescribed prayer.
Misconception #4: Shias do not perform Sunnah prayers. Sunnah prayers are non-obligatory prayers performed by Prophet Muhammad.Response: Shias do perform non-obligatory prayers, 36 cycles per day in total, but call it Nawafil and not Sunnah.
Misconception #5: Some Shia believes the Angel Gabriel made a mistake and prophet hood was meant for Ali and not Muhammad (PBUH).Response: Not true. No Shia thinks of such false claims. “Only demented minds think of such questions.”
Misconception #6: Shias slander and ridicule the first three caliphs (Abu Bakr, Umar and Uthman) and Prophet Muhammad’s wife, Ayisha.Response: Shia considers the first three caliphs as companions and administrators, but not spiritual leaders (Imams). Imam Jafar Sadiq, whose mother and grandmother came from the line of Abu Bakr, said of Abu Bakr, “He gave me birth twice.” Ayisha is respected by Shias as the”Mother of Believers,” as Ali respected her when he sent her back from Basra to Madinah after the Battle of the Camel. If some Shia do slander the three caliphs and Ayisha, they do it out of ignorance and should ask God’s forgiveness. (As we have witnessed how Imam Khomeini The Shia bravely declared death of Salman Rushdie -The author of Satanic Verses who abused the wife of Prophet Ayesha and Shia Leader declared blasphemy, just for his Fatwa the whole western countries became against Iran. See how much price did Shia pay to defend Ayesha – while Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, UAE etc. etc. as the Sunni government were silent they did not defend Ayesha. Now who loves Ayesha?)
Misconception # 7: Shias combine all five prayers into one prayer in the evening.Response: Not true. In Shia mosques, whether in Iran or the USA, all five daily prayers are performed. Shia do combine noon and afternoon and evening and night, but Shia scholars recommend performing them separately. Such combinations may not be ideal, but better than not praying at all. How can a Sunni who does not pray at all be better than a Shia who combines prayers?
Misconception # 8: Shias do not pay zakat (poor-due).Response: Not true. They not only pay 2.5% left over from savings as zakat, but also an additional 20% as Khums or general charity. However, they prefer to pay directly to the needy rather than corrupt Sunni government.
Misconception #9: Shias practice temporary marriages (Mutah).Response: Mutah (temporary marriages) was allowed during the time of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) and he himself practiced it. Ibn Zubayr was born out of the temporary marriage. Later on Caliph Umar prohibited it due to social reasons as the Islamic world was rapidly expanding. Shias discourage Mutah but do not consider it prohibited. Some do abuse this. As a temporary privilege during travel, it is better than adultery.
Misconception #10: They consider Imams infallible and above the Prophets.Response: Not true. All prophets are born Prophet but as mentioned in Quran about Abraham that after passing the test, a prophet becomes a leader (Imam). Muhammad (PBUH) is the Prophet (Nabi), Messenger (Rasul) and leader (Imam). Imams are carriers of the message of Islam. Shias consider Ali only as an Imam and not prophet.
With the little knowledge I have, I have tried to do my best as a Sunni in defending my Shia brothers in Islam with the hope and prayer to God Almighty that He will “instill love in the heart of the believers” and bring us closer to each other so that we jointly can fight our common enemy, Satan and his followers.
May God forgive my mistakes in this article and this book (Amin).
“Knowledge is better than wealth because it protects you while you have to guard wealth. It decreases if you keep on spending it but the more you make use of knowledge, the more it increases. What you get through wealth disappears as soon as wealth disappears but what you achieve through knowledge will remain even after you.”
Dr. Shahid Athar M.D. is Clinical Associate Professor of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis, Indiana, and a writer on Islam.
Posted by admin in BOOT THE SCOUNDRELS OR SHOWDAZ, Corruption, Morosi Siyasat & Political Crooks, PML(N), PPP, ZARDAR'S CORRUPTION on January 13th, 2013
HOW SWEET IT IS SHARJEEL MEMON GETS HIS DUE: WHAT YOU SOW, SO SHALL YOU REAP
Protestors assault Memon, Pir Mazhar January 14, 2013 – Updated 110 PKT From Web Edition 
KARACHI: Angry protestors assaulted provincial ministers Sharjeel Memon and Pir Mazharul Haq outside Bilawal House here late on Sunday night. According to details, the incident took place when PPP leaders arrived at the site of the sit-in for holding dialogue. The protestors besieged the ministers and hurled stones and sticks towards them. The security guards managed to rescue both the leaders.
Posted by admin in CHINA -PAKISTAN FRIENDSHIP, CHINA SHINING on January 13th, 2013
China offers investment, aid and expressions of brotherly love to its neighbor and Cold War-era ally.
Shahan MuftiFebruary 18, 2009 20:35Updated May 30, 2010 11:43
ISLAMABAD — While American strategic planners debate when, where, if and how to put “boots on the ground” in Pakistan, the Chinese are leaving their footprints throughout the length of this country — from the northern Himalayan highlands to the southern Arabian Sea coast.
In Pakistan the Chinese touch is everywhere: in palms clutching cell phones, between the treads of trucks trading on new highways, and on the assembly lines of Pakistani military hardware factories.
“From a development point of view, China’s always been Pakistan’s most loyal friend,” said Khurram Jamali, who left his financial consulting job in Washington, D.C. in 2006, learned Mandarin and moved to Beijing to work for Pakistan’s largest bank, Habib Bank, which set up shop in China in 2005.
“I’ve put my eggs in the China basket — I see the future for Pakistan from here,” he said from Beijing.
Jamali might have left Washington behind, but the choice is not as simple for Pakistan. Since its creation in 1947, Pakistan has been a vital strategic partner of the United States. But there is also a deep and decades-old relationship between Pakistan and China, two Asian “all-weather friends.”
The strong ties between Pakistan and China have their roots in the Cold War, and it’s often been a synergetic relationship. During the Cold War, while China was a rising Asian power, it supported Pakistan to counter India, the other large Asian powerhouse with whom the Chinese fought a war in Kashmir in 1962.
Today, Pakistan continues to benefit from this latent rivalry. Last year when the U.S. and India signed a nuclear deal, Pakistan and China responded within weeks by signing their own agreement, in which the Chinese agreed to build two more nuclear power plants for Pakistan at a total cost of nearly $2 billion. This is in addition to the two reactors that the Chinese have already built in Pakistan.
But with the Cold War over, “we are now working on projects that look far beyond India,” said Fazlur Rahman, the head of the China Study Center at the Institute for Strategic Studies, a think tank funded by the Pakistani government. “If anything, the relationship has strengthened since the 1990s.”
Today, China not only has one of the largest diplomatic missions in Islamabad, it is also the fourth-largest investor in the country after the United States, the United Kingdom. and the United Arab Emirates, with total investment estimated at $6 billion. Pakistan carries out more than one-tenth of its total trade with China, and a free trade agreement signed between Beijing and Islamabad promised to triple bilateral trade by 2011.
But it’s the kind of money the Chinese bring in that sets them apart, says Muhammad Bilal Khokhar, who manages the China desk at the Pakistan Board of Investment in Islamabad. While aid money comes through — Pakistan said last month that China had agreed to provide $500 million to bail the country out of a looming economic crisis — the Chinese have always been most interested in large infrastructure projects, said Khokhar, projects “with concrete results.”
Last year China Mobile, a state-owned telecom company that is the largest in the world, made its first international foray into Pakistan. The company invested nearly $1 billion in the country in 2008 and “Zong” mobile has quickly become the fastest growing cellphone company in Pakistan.
Other Chinese companies, Khokhar said, were similarly working with Pakistan on longterm strategic projects: oil and gas, mining and ports.
Though such levels of trade suggest otherwise, the border between the two countries is a mere 300 miles. But it is also the path of the historic Silk Road, a fabled trading route. Through the mountainous passages on this border runs the highest road in the world, the Karakoram Highway, which connects Pakistan’s northern mountainous areas with China’s Xingjian autonomous region. Last year, Beijing announced $327 million in aid to Pakistan to rebuild the Karakoram Highway on the Pakistan side, to improve trade and traffic.
The road is especially important to the Chinese to gain land access to Gwadar. The port — which has a $1.5 billion price tag and is slated for the southwestern tip of Pakistan, a few dozen miles from the straits of Hormuz in the Persian Gulf — is being built with Chinese money and soft loans. While a Pentagon report warns that the port could become a Chinese naval outpost on the Arabian Sea, Chinese and Pakistani leaders emphasize its importance as a vital future trading route for the energy reserves in Central Asia.
Even military hardware, for which Pakistan has always looked the the West, is now being provided by the Chinese. And Pakistan isn’t just a buyer: Islamabad began working with Beijing in 2003 to develop the JF-17 fighter jet. The first jets rolled off assembly lines in Pakistan in 2008.
But more than military hardware, or even billions of dollars in investment and aid, it’s the expressions of “brotherhood” that offer a stark contrast to Pakistan’s mixed emotions towards America. In 2006, Chinese President Hu Jintao described Beijing’s relations with Pakistan as being “higher than the Himalayas, deeper than the Indian Ocean and sweeter than honey,” in a speech televised nationally in Pakistan.
In Beijing during last year’s Olympics, I saw hints of this special relationship first-hand. “Pakistan, China — good friends,” people from the host country stopped to tell me at the games. The “Chinese roar for Pakistan” during the opening ceremony, Anthony Lane wrote in a dispatch for “The New Yorker” magazine, “harks back to the Cold War.”
Theorists see a New Great Game afoot in Asia. Pakistan is strategic ground for major world powers looking to get a foothold in South and Central Asia. But Khokhar at the investment board says there is no reason to choose — Pakistan has always been comfortable between the spheres of China and the U.S. It was Pakistan, after all, that helped broker diplomatic relations between Washington and Beijing in 1971 by smuggling Henry Kissinger over the Silk Road.
“As long as China and the U.S. don’t have problems,” says Khokhar, “we won’t either.”
Agreement includes high level exchanges, training programmes and intelligence sharing. PHOTO: EXPRESS ISLAMABAD: Islamabad and Beijing signed a document on Tuesday for bilateral military cooperation after talks between senior Chinese and Pakistani officials. A high-powered Chinese delegation, led by Deputy Chief of General Staff General Ma Xiaotian, held discussions at Joint Staff Headquarters, Rawalpindi, to kickstart the 9th round of Pak-China Defence and Security talks, according to a statement issued by the Inter-Services Public Relations (ISPR). Details of the document were not made public. One military official merely said that it reflected the increasing ongoing cooperation between the two countries. This cooperation, the official added, included high level exchanges, training programmes and intelligence sharing. During talks with Joint Chief of Staff Chairman General Khalid Shameem Wynne, the Chinese general appreciated the “role played by the people and armed forces of Pakistan, especially the efforts in fighting terrorism.” He said the cooperation in different fields between the two Armed Forces will continue with a renewed resolve and commitment towards each other. The six-member Chinese delegation also called on Prime Minister Raja Pervaiz Ashraf and held in depth discussions on matters of bilateral interest, an official statement said. The prime minister said, “We are proud of our excellent relations with the People’s Republic of China, with whom we have a strategic partnership”. Our cooperation with China on regional and international fora is exemplary, he added. Ashraf said Pakistan attaches great importance to its relationship with China which is time tested and beneficial to both countries. “We are grateful to our Chinese friends for their assistance in undertaking development projects in Pakistan,” he added. He told the visiting Chinese delegation that the political situation in Pakistan had stabilised as the country approaches elections. “Parliamentary democracy is taking roots in the country,” he said. Congratulating Prime Minister Ashraf on his successful visit to China, General Ma said, “Friendship between China and Pakistan is of strategic significance.” He expressed confidence that with the passage of time these relations would deepen further. Published in The Express Tribune, September 26th, 2012. China’s military rise The dragon’s new teeth A rare look inside the world’s biggest military expansion Apr 7th 2012 | BEIJING | from the print edition AT A meeting of South-East Asian nations in 2010, China’s foreign minister Yang Jiechi, facing a barrage of complaints about his country’s behaviour in the region, blurted out the sort of thing polite leaders usually prefer to leave unsaid. “China is a big country,” he pointed out, “and other countries are small countries and that is just a fact.” Indeed it is, and China is big not merely in terms of territory and population, but also military might. Its Communist Party is presiding over the world’s largest military build-up. And that is just a fact, too—one which the rest of the world is having to come to terms with. Related topics War and conflict Military weapons Government spending Public finance Taiwanese politics That China is rapidly modernising its armed forces is not in doubt, though there is disagreement about what the true spending figure is. China’s defence budget has almost certainly experienced double digit growth for two decades. According to SIPRI, a research institute, annual defence spending rose from over $30 billion in 2000 to almost $120 billion in 2010. SIPRI usually adds about 50% to the official figure that China gives for its defence spending, because even basic military items such as research and development are kept off budget. Including those items would imply total military spending in 2012, based on the latest announcement from Beijing, will be around $160 billion. America still spends four-and-a-half times as much on defence, but on present trends China’s defence spending could overtake America’s after 2035 (see chart). All that money is changing what the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) can do. Twenty years ago, China’s military might lay primarily in the enormous numbers of people under arms; their main task was to fight an enemy face-to-face or occupy territory. The PLA is still the largest army in the world, with an active force of 2.3m. But China’s real military strength increasingly lies elsewhere. The Pentagon’s planners think China is intent on acquiring what is called in the jargon A2/AD, or “anti-access/area denial” capabilities. The idea is to use pinpoint ground attack and anti-ship missiles, a growing fleet of modern submarines and cyber and anti-satellite weapons to destroy or disable another nation’s military assets from afar. In the western Pacific, that would mean targeting or putting in jeopardy America’s aircraft-carrier groups and its air-force bases in Okinawa, South Korea and even Guam. The aim would be to render American power projection in Asia riskier and more costly, so that America’s allies would no longer be able to rely on it to deter aggression or to combat subtler forms of coercion. It would also enable China to carry out its repeated threat to take over Taiwan if the island were ever to declare formal independence. China’s military build-up is ringing alarm bells in Asia and has already caused a pivot in America’s defence policy. The new “strategic guidance” issued in January by Barack Obama and his defence secretary, Leon Panetta, confirmed what everyone in Washington already knew: that a switch in priorities towards Asia was overdue and under way. The document says that “While the US military will continue to contribute to security globally, we will of necessity rebalance towards the Asia-Pacific region.” America is planning roughly $500 billion of cuts in planned defence spending over the next ten years. But, says the document, “to credibly deter potential adversaries and to prevent them from achieving their objectives, the United States must maintain its ability to project power in areas in which our access and freedom to operate are challenged.” It is pretty obvious what that means. Distracted by campaigns in Iraq and Afghanistan, America has neglected the most economically dynamic region of the world. In particular, it has responded inadequately to China’s growing military power and political assertiveness. According to senior American diplomats, China has the ambition—and increasingly the power—to become a regional hegemon; it is engaged in a determined effort to lock America out of a region that has been declared a vital security interest by every administration since Teddy Roosevelt’s; and it is pulling countries in South-East Asia into its orbit of influence “by default”. America has to respond. As an early sign of that response, Mr Obama announced in November 2011 that 2,500 US Marines would soon be stationed in Australia. Talks about an increased American military presence in the Philippines began in February this year. The uncertainty principle China worries the rest of the world not only because of the scale of its military build-up, but also because of the lack of information about how it might use its new forces and even who is really in charge of them. The American strategic-guidance document spells out the concern. “The growth of China’s military power”, it says, “must be accompanied by greater clarity of its strategic intentions in order to avoid causing friction in the region.” Officially, China is committed to what it called, in the words of an old slogan, a “peaceful rise”. Its foreign-policy experts stress their commitment to a rules-based multipolar world. They shake their heads in disbelief at suggestions that China sees itself as a “near peer” military competitor with America. In the South and East China Seas, though, things look different. In the past 18 months, there have been clashes between Chinese vessels and ships from Japan, Vietnam, South Korea and the Philippines over territorial rights in the resource-rich waters. A pugnacious editorial in the state-run Global Times last October gave warning: “If these countries don’t want to change their ways with China, they will need to prepare for the sounds of cannons. We need to be ready for that, as it may be the only way for the disputes in the sea to be resolved.” This was not a government pronouncement, but it seems the censors permit plenty of press freedom when it comes to blowing off nationalistic steam. Smooth-talking foreign-ministry officials may cringe with embarrassment at Global Times—China’s equivalent of Fox News—but its views are not so far removed from the gung-ho leadership of the rapidly expanding navy. Moreover, in a statement of doctrine published in 2005, the PLA’s Science of Military Strategy did not mince its words. Although “active defence is the essential feature of China’s military strategy,” it said, if “an enemy offends our national interests it means that the enemy has already fired the first shot,” in which case the PLA’s mission is “to do all we can to dominate the enemy by striking first”. Making things more alarming is a lack of transparency over who really controls the guns and ships. China is unique among great powers in that the PLA is not formally part of the state. It is responsible to the Communist Party, and is run by the party’s Central Military Commission, not the ministry of defence. Although party and government are obviously very close in China, the party is even more opaque, which complicates outsiders’ understanding of where the PLA’s loyalties and priorities lie. A better military-to-military relationship between America and China would cast some light into this dark corner. But the PLA often suspends “mil-mil” relations as a “punishment” whenever tension rises with America over Taiwan. The PLA is also paranoid about what America might gain if the relationship between the two countries’ armed forces went deeper. The upshot of these various uncertainties is that even if outsiders believe that China’s intentions are largely benign—and it is clear that some of them do not—they can hardly make plans based on that assumption alone. As the influential American think-tank, the Centre for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments (CSBA) points out, the intentions of an authoritarian regime can change very quickly. The nature and size of the capabilities that China has built up also count. History boys The build-up has gone in fits and starts. It began in the early 1950s when the Soviet Union was China’s most important ally and arms supplier, but abruptly ceased when Mao Zedong launched his decade-long Cultural Revolution in the mid-1960s. The two countries came close to war over their disputed border and China carried out its first nuclear test. The second phase of modernisation began in the 1980s, under Deng Xiaoping. Deng was seeking to reform the whole country and the army was no exception. But he told the PLA that his priority was the economy; the generals must be patient and live within a budget of less than 1.5% of GDP. A third phase began in the early 1990s. Shaken by the destructive impact of the West’s high-tech weaponry on the Iraqi army, the PLA realised that its huge ground forces were militarily obsolete. PLA scholars at the Academy of Military Science in Beijing began learning all they could from American think-tanks about the so-called “revolution in military affairs” (RMA), a change in strategy and weaponry made possible by exponentially greater computer-processing power. In a meeting with The Economist at the Academy, General Chen Zhou, the main author of the four most recent defence white papers, said: “We studied RMA exhaustively. Our great hero was Andy Marshall in the Pentagon [the powerful head of the Office of Net Assessment who was known as the Pentagon’s futurist-in-chief]. We translated every word he wrote.” China’s soldiers come in from the cold In 1993 the general-secretary of the Communist Party, Jiang Zemin, put RMA at the heart of China’s military strategy. Now, the PLA had to turn itself into a force capable of winning what the strategy called “local wars under high-tech conditions”. Campaigns would be short, decisive and limited in geographic scope and political goals. The big investments would henceforth go to the air force, the navy and the Second Artillery Force, which operates China’s nuclear and conventionally armed missiles. Further shifts came in 2002 and 2004. High-tech weapons on their own were not enough; what mattered was the ability to knit everything together on the battlefield through what the Chinese called “informatisation” and what is known in the West as “unified C4ISR”. (The four Cs are command, control, communications, and computers; ISR stands for intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance; the Pentagon loves its abbreviations). Just another corner of the network General Chen describes the period up to 2010 as “laying the foundations of modernised forces”. The next decade should see the roll-out of what is called mechanisation (the deployment of advanced military platforms) and informatisation (bringing them together as a network). The two processes should be completed in terms of equipment, integration and training by 2020. But General Chen reckons China will not achieve full informatisation until well after that. “A major difficulty”, he says, “is that we are still only partially mechanised. We do not always know how to make our investments when technology is both overlapping and leapfrogging.” Whereas the West was able to accomplish its military transformation by taking the two processes in sequence, China is trying to do both together. Still, that has not slowed down big investments which are designed to defeat even technologically advanced foes by making “the best use of our strong points to attack the enemy’s weak points”. In 2010 the CSBA identified the essential military components that China, on current trends, will be able to deploy within ten years. Among them: satellites and reconnaissance drones; thousands of surface-to-surface and anti-ship missiles; more than 60 stealthy conventional submarines and at least six nuclear attack submarines; stealthy manned and unmanned combat aircraft; and space and cyber warfare capabilities. In addition, the navy has to decide whether to make the (extremely expensive) transition to a force dominated by aircraft-carriers, like America. Aircraft-carriers would be an unmistakable declaration of an ambition eventually to project power far from home. Deploying them would also match the expected actions of Japan and India in the near future. China may well have three small carriers within five to ten years, though military analysts think it would take much longer for the Chinese to learn how to use them well. A new gunboat diplomacy This promises to be a formidable array of assets. They are, for the most part, “asymmetric”, that is, designed not to match American military power in the western Pacific directly but rather to exploit its vulnerabilities. So, how might they be used? Taiwan is the main spur for China’s military modernisation. In 1996 America reacted to Chinese ballistic-missile tests carried out near Taiwanese ports by sending two aircraft-carrier groups into the Taiwan Strait. Since 2002 China’s strategy has been largely built around the possibility of a cross-Strait armed conflict in which China’s forces would not only have to overcome opposition from Taiwan but also to deter, delay or defeat an American attempt to intervene. According to recent reports by CSBA and RAND, another American think-tank, China is well on its way to having the means, by 2020, to deter American aircraft-carriers and aircraft from operating within what is known as the “first island chain”—a perimeter running from the Aleutians in the north to Taiwan, the Philippines and Borneo (see map). In 2005 China passed the Taiwan Anti-Secession Law, which commits it to a military response should Taiwan ever declare independence or even if the government in Beijing thinks all possibility of peaceful unification has been lost. Jia Xiudong of the China Institute of International Studies (the foreign ministry’s main think-tank) says: “The first priority is Taiwan. The mainland is patient, but independence is not the future for Taiwan. China’s military forces should be ready to repel any force of intervention. The US likes to maintain what it calls ‘strategic ambiguity’ over what it would do in the event of a conflict arising from secession. We don’t have any ambiguity. We will use whatever means we have to prevent it happening.” If Taiwan policy has been the immediate focus of China’s military planning, the sheer breadth of capabilities the country is acquiring gives it other options—and temptations. In 2004 Hu Jintao, China’s president, said the PLA should be able to undertake “new historic missions”. Some of these involve UN peacekeeping. In recent years China has been the biggest contributor of peacekeeping troops among the permanent five members of the Security Council. But the responsibility for most of these new missions has fallen on the navy. In addition to its primary job of denying China’s enemies access to sea lanes, it is increasingly being asked to project power in the neighbourhood and farther afield. The navy appears to see itself as the guardian of China’s ever-expanding economic interests. These range from supporting the country’s sovereignty claims (for example, its insistence on seeing most of the South China Sea as an exclusive economic zone) to protecting the huge weight of Chinese shipping, preserving the country’s access to energy and raw materials supplies, and safeguarding the soaring numbers of Chinese citizens who work abroad (about 5m today, but expected to rise to 100m by 2020). The navy’s growing fleet of powerful destroyers, stealthy frigates and guided-missile-carrying catamarans enables it to carry out extended “green water” operations (ie, regional, not just coastal tasks). It is also developing longer-range “blue water” capabilities. In early 2009 the navy began anti-piracy patrols off the Gulf of Aden with three ships. Last year, one of those vessels was sent to the Mediterranean to assist in evacuating 35,000 Chinese workers from Libya—an impressive logistical exercise carried out with the Chinese air force. Just practising Power grows out of the barrel of a gun It is hardly surprising that China’s neighbours and the West in general should worry about these developments. The range of forces marshalled against Taiwan plus China’s “A2/AD” potential to push the forces of other countries over the horizon have already eroded the confidence of America’s Asian allies that the guarantor of their security will always be there for them. Mr Obama’s rebalancing towards Asia may go some way towards easing those doubts. America’s allies are also going to have to do more for themselves, including developing their own A2/AD capabilities. But the longer-term trends in defence spending are in China’s favour. China can focus entirely on Asia, whereas America will continue to have global responsibilities. Asian concerns about the dragon will not disappear. That said, the threat from China should not be exaggerated. There are three limiting factors. First, unlike the former Soviet Union, China has a vital national interest in the stability of the global economic system. Its military leaders constantly stress that the development of what is still only a middle-income country with a lot of very poor people takes precedence over military ambition. The increase in military spending reflects the growth of the economy, rather than an expanding share of national income. For many years China has spent the same proportion of GDP on defence (a bit over 2%, whereas America spends about 4.7%). The real test of China’s willingness to keep military spending constant will come when China’s headlong economic growth starts to slow further. But on past form, China’s leaders will continue to worry more about internal threats to their control than external ones. Last year spending on internal security outstripped military spending for the first time. With a rapidly ageing population, it is also a good bet that meeting the demand for better health care will become a higher priority than maintaining military spending. Like all the other great powers, China faces a choice of guns or walking sticks. Second, as some pragmatic American policymakers concede, it is not a matter for surprise or shock that a country of China’s importance and history should have a sense of its place in the world and want armed forces which reflect that. Indeed, the West is occasionally contradictory about Chinese power, both fretting about it and asking China to accept greater responsibility for global order. As General Yao Yunzhu of the Academy of Military Science says: “We are criticised if we do more and criticised if we do less. The West should decide what it wants. The international military order is US-led—NATO and Asian bilateral alliances—there is nothing like the WTO for China to get into.” Third, the PLA may not be quite as formidable as it seems on paper. China’s military technology has suffered from the Western arms embargo imposed after the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989. It struggles to produce high-performance jet engines, for example. Western defence firms believe that is why they are often on the receiving end of cyber-attacks that appear to come from China. China’s defence industry may be improving but it remains scattered, inefficient and over-dependent on high-tech imports from Russia, which is happy to sell the same stuff to China’s local rivals, India and Vietnam. The PLA also has little recent combat experience. The last time it fought a real enemy was in the war against Vietnam in 1979, when it got a bloody nose. In contrast, a decade of conflict has honed American forces to a new pitch of professionalism. There must be some doubt that the PLA could put into practice the complex joint operations it is being increasingly called upon to perform. General Yao says the gap between American and Chinese forces is “at least 30, maybe 50, years”. “China”, she says, “has no need to be a military peer of the US. But perhaps by the time we do become a peer competitor the leadership of both countries will have the wisdom to deal with the problem.” The global security of the next few decades will depend on her hope being realised. Correction: The following definitions have been changed in the main table of this article: “Main battle tanks” to “Modern main battle tanks”; “Armoured infantry vehicles” to “Armoured infantry fighting vehicles”; “Intercontinental ballistic missiles” to “Intercontinental ballistic missile launchers”; “Transport helicopters” to “Heavy/medium transport helicopters”; “Transport aircraft” to “Heavy/medium transport aircraft”; “Tanker and multi-role aircraft” to “Tanker aircraft”. Additionally, the data are from 2011 not 2010 as originally reported. These changes were made on 6th April 2012. https://twitter.com/pakistanchina
KARACHI — Chinese and Turkish companies have been fiercely vying for business at Pakistan’s bi-annual International Defence Exhibition and Seminar (IDEAS) arms fair in Karachi.
Cancelled due to the devastating floods in 2010, IDEAS2012, which started on Wednesday and runs through Sunday, has taken place amid tight security and an uncertain financial climate. Despite the financial climate however, there was still a reasonably strong showing of international defense companies hoping to secure orders from a country facing a constant threat of insecurity.
These ranged from German marine systems firm Atlas Elektronik, a supplier of torpedoes and sonar equipment to the Pakistan navy, to Ukrainian state-owned military import and export company UKRSPECEXPORT, which hopes to secure more Pakistan orders — especially for armored fighting vehicles. Ukraine has been instrumental in the development of Pakistan’s main battle tank, the Al-Khalid.
Absent were previous strong participants such as France’s state-owned shipbuilder DCNS and Germany’s HDW. Both had been vying for orders for submarines for Pakistan’s navy with their Scorpene/Marlin and Type-214 designs, respectively. The Pakistan Navy selected the Type-214 and in 2008 a deal for three of the submarines was close to being signed. However, Pakistan’s financial downturn squashed the deal and the absence of both companies at IDEAS2012 may indicate neither has realistic expectations of a deal despite the program not being formally cancelled.
A Pakistani industry official, who did not want to be named, told Defense News the Type-214 deal might be cut down the road — but not in the near future.A showcase for UAVs
Despite the financial situation, domestic defense firms have showcased their products and highlighted their progress.
Domestic UAV firm Integrated Dynamics told Defense News that a prototype of one of its small UAVs was undergoing operational evaluation with the Pakistani military in the Waziristan region as part of operations against the Taliban.
Due to the prevailing hostility to the CIA’s armed UAV operations in the tribal areas along the border with Afghanistan, the company stressed that its products are unarmed. This may perhaps be in part an effort to dispel any speculation it was part of the reported indigenous ‘Baraq’ UCAV program.
However, as the UCAV has not transpired, analysts are no longer sure if the program is still being developed or has been abandoned. No official information is available.
Pakistan has a vibrant UAV development capability, however, as the Advance Engineering and Research Organisation (AERO), which is part of the state-owned Global Industrial & Defence Solutions (GIDS) conglomerate, showcased with its ‘Shahpar’ tactical canard pusher UAV.
The autonomous UAV has an endurance of seven hours and can relay data in real time out to a range of 250km.
Another company somewhat reluctant to discuss its full range of products was the Military Vehicle Defence Research Establishment (MVRDE). It showcased a variant of its Dynamic Integrated Training Simulator for Tanks.
However, a MVRDE spokesman was mum on the firm’s aircraft simulators, despite one being included in its brochure.
In 2008 MVRDE revealed it was being tasked with developing a simulator for the MFI-17 Mushak basic prop trainer aircraft, and it has been reported that this work would lead to a simulator for the JF-17 Thunder multi role combat aircraft.
A range of domestic and foreign companies are jockeying to help the Pakistani military make the switch from analogue to digital communications however, and these included the Chinese firm Hytera in partnership with long-established local firm Micro. Similarly, National Radio Telecommunication Corporation (NRTC) is also part of this effort as is U.S firm Harris through its Pakistan-based presence.
Each has already successfully sold equipment to the military, but the digital switch holds out the promise of lucrative future contracts.The big two
IDEAS2012 was notable, however, for the competition between Chinese and Turkish defense industries. After domestic defense firms, Chinese and Turkish businesses had far and away the largest presence, with each country booking a hall for their companies.
Turkish companies — such as Havelsan, a defense electronics, software and integration company; Yonca Onuk, a manufacturer of advanced composite patrol craft; and Turkish Aerospace Industries — were all hoping to secure further contracts for their equipment from the Pakistani military.
Havelsan and Yonca Onuk have both been instrumental in aspects of the Pakistani naval modernization program over the past decade. Yonca Onuk has supplied its MRTP-15 and MRTP-33 patrol/fast interception craft, and is now promoting larger more capable developments of these vessels.
According to the Havelsan representative in Pakistan, the company has secured an order for its Genesis combat management system for the Pakistan Navy’s Oliver Hazard Perry class frigate, PNS Alamgir — and Havelsan is pushing ahead with hopes of a very broad range of naval modernization proposals.
TAI, having previously supplied an air warfare test and training range, as well as upgrading Pakistan’s F-16A/B Block-15 fleet, is pushing its T-129 attack helicopter to fulfill Pakistan’s requirements for an AH-1F Cobra replacement.
According to a TAI spokesman, a deal was nearly signed with Pakistan for 15 T-129 helicopters, but it stalled because of financial issues. Due to the operational environments of the Pakistani and Turkish militaries being very similar in topographical and climatic terms, Bilgi is confident Pakistan will see its future attack helicopter in the T-129.
The T-129 program includes other Turkish defense firms, such as defense electronic system firm Aselsan and rocket munitions developer/manufacturer Roketsan. The Turkish defense ministry is very keen to promote the T-129 to potential foreign customers — and Pakistan and South Korea are key targets.
But it was the Chinese that appeared to have secured the bulk of Pakistani orders in the first stages of IDEAS2012.
China Shipbuilding Trading Corporation (CSTC) secured an order from the Pakistan navy for four warships. These are thought to be improved variants of the F-22P Zulfiquar class frigates, four of which have already been built for the navy, (three in China and one in Karachi).
According to a spokesman for Karachi Shipyard and Engineering Works, the Pakistan navy recommended a large number of modifications for the follow on batch of frigates, and these modifications have been accepted by the Chinese designers.
A spokesman for CSTC was unable to say if the eight FM-90 SAMs (Crotale copy) would be replaced by a larger number of more capable missiles housed in a VLS however. The SAM armament of the current F-22P class frigates is a noted shortcoming of the design.
Poly Group Corporation secured an order for an undisclosed number of its Type CS/VP3 MRAP vehicle. Specific details of the deal were not forthcoming, but Poly Group Corporation claim the Type CS/VP3 offers protection to STANAG 4569 3B for an 8kg TNT equivalent under hull explosion, and STANAG 4569 4A for a 16kg TNT under wheel explosion.
In contrast Pakistan’s state-owned manufacturer Heavy Industries Taxila’s (HIT) MRAP design did not manifest itself at IDEAS2012. A HIT spokeman told Defense News it was still under development.
However, HIT did sign a memorandum of understanding with the Chinese armor fighting vehicle giant NORINCO to jointly market the Pakistani Al-Khalid MBT, that is based on the NORINCO MBT-2000 tank design. The new deal will allow Pakistan to market the tank internationally as the Al-Khalid whereas the Chinese have hitherto marketed the MBT-2000 independently.
The value of the deal may perhaps be questioned as NORINCO has already further developed the MBT-2000 to the MBT-3000 with improved armor protection, engine performance, all electric turret drive and elevation, full digitization, and thermal imaging sensors.
The MBT-3000 was being promoted at IDEAS2012.
Posted by admin in Pakistan Air Force, Pakistan-A Nation of Hope on January 13th, 2013
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Shenyang AMF Gyrfalcon is flown accompanied by a Shenyang J-11BS
http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature…–JsS_g#t=118s
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AMF Gyrfalcon CGI by BaiWei^
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Pakistan’s JF-17 air force combat aircraft
original set of military Digest 2011.2
Recently, a few photos of J-10B fighter’s radar array in Chinese websites exposed. Users analysis think that the pictures shows the J-10B’s radar is a passive phased array radar (PESA). PESA radar usually the middle of a row or rows of IFF antenna. The Active Phased Array Radar (AESA) has not yet seen the middle of this line is a flat surface without protrusion, so some users believe that the yellow radar map the surface of the black dots array for the IFF actual antenna, which fire control radar is to determine whether to adopt active phased array main indicator of high-tech.
Ordinary radar beam scanning by the radar antenna rotation is achieved, also known as mechanical scanning radar.
The power phased array radar is a way to control changes in the radar beam point scanning, this approach is known as electronic scanning. Phased array radar, radar though not as dependent as other rotating antenna to make the radar beam rotation, but it is their own “trick”, that is using the “phase shifter” to turn the radar beam. Phased array radar antenna is a large number of radiators (small antenna) array consisting of (square, triangle, etc.), radiator varies from several hundred to as many as several thousand, even thousands, of each radiator are connected to the back of a controllable phase shifter, each phase shifter controlled by the computer. When the search for long-range phased array radar target, although do not see the antenna rotation, but tens of thousands of radiators controlled by computer focus fired in one direction, deflection, even thousands of meters away on the intercontinental missile and several thousands of meters satellite, can not escape its “eyes.” If the goal is to deal with more recent of these emitters and can share the responsibility, produce multiple beams, some search, some track, and some guidance. It is this radar abandon the general principle of the radar antenna, it gave it a different name — phased array radar, that “the phase to control the antenna array” means.
Phased array radar is divided into active (active) and passive (passive) categories. In fact, active andpassive phased array radar antenna array the same, the main difference between the two is the transmit / receive element number. Passive phased array radar is only one central transmitter and a receiver, transmitter, high frequency energy generated by the computer automatically assigned to each radiator array, the target reflected signal amplified by the receiver uniform (unlike ordinary radar not very different). Active Phased Array Radar for each radiator is equipped with a transmitter / receiver module, each component can generate their own, receiving electromagnetic waves, and therefore bandwidth, signal processing and redundancy degree of the design than the passive phased array radar has a larger advantage. Because of this, it makes the active phased array radar, expensive and engineering more difficult. But the active phased array radar has unique advantages in functionality, a great passive phased array radar replaces the trend.
Active Phased Array Radar biggest difficulty lies in transmit / receive components manufacturing, relatively speaking, passive phased array radar is much less technical difficulty. Passive phased array radar in power, efficiency, beam control and reliability, as active phased array radar, but the functionality is obviously better than the ordinary mechanical scanning radar, after all, a good compromise. Therefore developed a practical active phased array radar, before completely passive phased array radar as a transitional product. Moreover, even if the active phased array radar, developed after the passive phased array radar, phased array radar as a family of low-end products, still has great practical value.
The mainstream of the world have installed a new fighter AESA phased array radar, the installation of new radar to have greater combat aircraft upgrade. Let us look at the world’s major aircraft phased array radar it.
F-35′s APG-81 AESA radar front smaller and only has 1,200 transmit / receive modules, the other, APG-77 power (said to 16.4KW) to be much larger than the APG-81, so. F-22A aerial target radar detection range for the F-35 is far more than about 1 / 3. APG 81 has the advantage of a work on the model, its mapping synthetic aperture radar (SAR) / ground moving target indication (GMTI) / moving target indicator capability at sea-surface / air-sea mode and more than performance on APG a 77. APG-81 An important feature is to have the same time mapping synthetic aperture radar (SAR) and ground moving target indicator (GMTI) capacity, although its detection range against air targets far less than the F-22A, but a 81 APG target detection capability of the air is far stronger than the F / A 18 series and a series of F-16 fighter jets airborne pulse Doppler radar.
APG-81 in the work mode of the advantage is not absolute, it was reported: The United States is being upgraded by replacing radar radar modules and software approach, working on F-22A’s APG-77 radar performance upgrades, and soon after upgrade After the APG-77 radar performance under various operating modes will be more powerful, relatively speaking, APG-81 radar upgrade the performance space is very small, the first F-35 nose radome of the size of already small, and the APG -81 radar and EOTS system also share the already crowded head space, followed by the APG 81 radar by a power supply and cooling system of its limitations, so. Hard on the APG-81 radar further hardware upgrade.
In addition, F-35′s APG-81 radar, both in cost and weight of the F-22 is one half of their working life and is expected to reach 8,000 hours of life consistent with the aircraft, that is not in the whole life cycle replacement of the radar. In these areas, APG-81 radar obvious advantages, but the replacement of some of the radar module 77 after the APG a radar will significantly reduce weight and cost, work life expectancy.
the recent news from Pakistan said China will” emergency “provision of 50 aircraft to Pakistan JF-17 combat aircraft type These aircraft will be raised to the standard batch of JF-17BLOCK2, the combat capability of JF-17BLOCK1 than existing with a larger increase. JF-17BLOCK2 will be active PAF JF-17′s standard equipment.
information from the point of view, JF-17BLOCK2 will continue to use our on-board avionics systems and weapons, and continue to to increase the depth and breadth of the operational performance of the aircraft, and the PAF is also introduced the formation of ZDK-03 early warning aircraft, air combat more rigorous and complete system to enhance the autonomy of PAF combat capability.
JF-17 and China ZDK-03 form a complete operational system
; in the JF-17BLOCK2 the message, the outside world for the first time that the SD-10B active radar guided air to air missiles there, the Palestinian side that the SD-10B’s performance can be introduced with AIM-120 air to air missile compared, and in weight than the existing SD-10 to lighter, open air show information from the point of view, SD-10 air to air missiles of the maximum range of over 70 km, 50 km effective range, and the AIM-120A similar, the latter a maximum range of over 80 km, 55 km effective range, but the SD-10 should be greater than the size and weight of the AIM-120A, so that the JF-17 light fighter, the mount the SD- 10, larger impact on flight performance, in particular, mounted on the outer wing pylons, you need to reach launchers to adjust the focus of the new century, the introduction of F-16C/D-BLOCK52 PAF fighter aircraft from the United States, its top equipped with the AIM-120C5, the last century, taking into account the 90 Navy AIM-54 “Phoenix” retired long-range air to air missiles, and its follow-up of advanced air to air missile-AAAM program was terminated, the U.S. Navy long-range air strike capability targets dropped significantly, as a supplementary means of a quick U.S. Navy AIM-120 required to intercept distance of more than 40 miles (60 km) of aerial targets, this is the AIM-120C5, compared with the prototype missile, the missile is increased the weight of the missile engines, from 45 kg to 50 kg, while improving the grain of the surface, so that more regular and full combustion, increasing the time and the specific impulse fuel, so that the AIM-120C5 missile interceptor increases range from prototype about 10%, while increasing the seeker signal / data processing capability, increasing the number of warhead fragments, improve on the three generations of fighter jets destroy twin capability, the improved AIM-120C5 and AIM-120C7 continue to increase the rocket engine, its effective range has been further improved, from Pakistan’s point of view of information sources the performance of SD-10B may be in line toward the AIM-120C5, on the basis of improving the range and reduce the volume and weight, to improve the load adaptability, I believe that it is very important is the possibility of SD-10B is also being developed taking into account China’s demand for arms stealth fighter, stealth fighters to reduce the RCS, airborne weapons are generally placed above the tank shells, bombs in order to narrow mounted inside the tank weapons as much as possible, so it is necessary to reduce the air to air missile system, AIM-120C than the AIM-120A on the reduction of the tip, to improve the F-22′s bomb bay to mount the number, SD-10B may also be the ideas, with the range of increase, but also to keep up with the precision guidance system, SD-10B is said to adopt a surprisingly active / passive composite guidance system, and we are familiar with the different sources of interference when the guidance system, this master / reactive compound is to use passive guidance system to receive the other airborne radar signal, and then start using the former terminal guidance radar data to improve target detection, both work to improve the detection range of the seeker and anti-jamming ability, be pointed out SD-10B is not planning to use that air to air missile guidance system, AIM-120 is also used to have such a plan, but the technical difficulty of this seeker great need to address the broadband active / passive antenna and composite guidance radome, data fusion, and other key technologies, so I for SD-10B is equipped with reservations about such a guidance system, but we seem to speculate about the range of air to air missile development.
SD-10 JF-17 is the main combat arms
improved performance air to air missiles inevitably require the performance of airborne fire control radar to increase as, for air to air missile which provides target data required for the calculation of attack area, JF-17BLOCK2 with SD-10B-air missiles, which means that the aircraft should be equipped with China’s airborne radar, this is because an aircraft using certain weapons-related programs need to reside in the mission computer, or fire control computer, and these procedures are based on the preparation of the missile launch envelope, and missile launch envelope is the core of national secret airborne weapons, related to the work of the missile terminal guidance radar tracking distance and angle and the maximum tracking speed, time, energy work on a missile, engine thrust and working time, definitely not exposed, so JF -17BLOCK2 the mission computer can be sure that our products are basically, as I said before the airborne radar to the target, it will smooth the data and make forecasts, then the data to the mission computer for processing, by the latter to complete the manipulation of the aircraft command, missile attack area, the calculation of radar scanning parameters clearly will involve airborne radar parameters, these parameters are also confidential, so I thus believe that the JF-17BLOCK2 still used in China’s aviation electronic systems. Indeed JF-17BLOL01 quite advanced avionics systems, has more than existing third-generation combat aircraft, the third-generation combat aircraft avionics with the federated system, the system is the use of associated data bus, the system is the core mission computer, the task computer responsible for the detection system to obtain information, and then submitted to a unified display and control computer display, and JF-17 avionics system to control the computer as the core arms management, the most prominent feature is a combination of two computer tasks and control functions were , which reduces the complexity of the system, simplify the structure, reducing weight, improving the overall reliability of the avionics system. but also for future upgrades to lay a solid foundation.
JF-17 with the new generation avionics system and glass cockpit
in Pakistan for the description of the aircraft radar, there is a word Readers may be surprised; “will be rotating disk with active phased array radar,” in many people’s impression of airborne phased array radar antenna should be fixed and why the JF-17BLOCK2 the AESA with this thing? I thought it might be to expand the scope of the radar scan, phased array radar has a drawback, as the scanning range increases, the reduction of radar Kongjing projection area, resulting in lower gain antenna and beam increases, thereby reducing the radar detection distance, so need to turn the antenna to extend the scope of the radar scan, we are familiar, such as F-22 fighter AESA, etc. The reason is fixed, because the power of these fighter AESA high, big angle scanning can tolerate certain gain losses, while the light aircraft as the radar power is limited, this loss can not be ignored, and the JF-17 the same level of JAS-39 fighter, equipped with the AESA will also use rotary mechanism is said to increase the range of the radar scan. There is also a mechanical scanning mechanism of airborne phased array radar is more familiar with the BARS passive phased array radar-PESA, the radar equipment in Indian Air Force Su-30MKI fighter jets above, some people often take the Su-30MKI China Air Force Su-30MKK comparison, BARS is a project must be mentioned, but the official website of NIIP is relatively conservative given the data; BARS electronic scanning angle is 40 degrees lower than conventional aircraft fire control radar scanning range of 60 degrees the need to further expand the machinery sector, the size of radar target detection range fighter aircraft in the 130-140 km, these data clearly BARS radar antenna, the 1-meter diameter and 5KW peak do not match, because I think the two are virtually identical The, BARS is PESA, compared with the AESA, the radar antenna is relatively simple, cost is also low, but the disadvantage is the complexity of radar feed, transmitter power need to go through circulation, the power distribution network to reach the array element, in which clearly have greater power loss, that is, even though the antenna and power BARS larger, but due to large losses, the antenna radiated energy is not high, so that when the scanning angle is large, this loss plus the antenna decline in the gain will reduce the radar detection performance, in this case, had to be supplemented by mechanical scanning mechanism, as heavy phased array antenna, the target data update rate is not too high, also causing the overall weight and radar systems increase in volume, BARS weight of more than 500 kilograms. This is why the Indian Air Force to upgrade the BARS to the root causes of AESA.
JAS-39 equipped with the AESA, pay attention to the radar antenna is movable, JF-17′s AESA estimated its close
according to China Electronics Import and Export Company information provided with the JF-17BLOCK1 current airborne radar is a type of KLJ-7 fire control radar, the radar antenna is about 600 mm in diameter, as the probe under distance of 80 km about 105 km on the apparent. Plane search distance of 120 km, while KLJ-7 also has a more complete ground (sea work) patterns, including high-precision synthetic aperture and ground moving target indication mode, but the indicators for the SD support effective longer range -10B is still a reluctance, particularly the goal of mechanical scanning radar update rate lower, less able to multi-target attack, while in the implementation of the open space model can not simultaneously empty model, which for the PAF at a disadvantage, it is very negative. If the dress AESA, you can use the latter the product of a larger power aperture radar to improve detection range, but may have to raise the level of JF-17 is limited by the power supply and cooling system capacity, but rely on quick AESA electronic scanning capabilities, JF-17 can focus the radar energy is concentrated mainly on the direction of the threat or to provide a detection range of the tracking accuracy, or to achieve fast detection and tracking of multiple targets, and mode of implementation of the time when the implementation of open space empty model, particularly is its good performance for multi-target tracking to provide reliable PAF multiple target attack capability, multi-target attack in the BVR process, airborne radar speed search mode after completion of the target detection, edge tracking mode into the side of the search target tracking, multiple target tracking algorithm after treatment by objective data, and then to the mission computer for data processing. From the experience of modern air combat, air combat of the war the next intersection is shorter and shorter time, the pilot in an attack as much as possible to attack multiple targets in order to improve the ability of targets. This is also the general facelift of modern fighter AESA and active radar guided air to air missile of the main reasons.
JF-17BLOCK2 F-10B may be equipped with the IRST
With modern electronic warfare systems development, in particular the development of radio frequency memory technology, airborne radar, if too much power, very easy to intercept and interfere with each other, even if the JF-17BLOCK2 equipped with AESA, you can use the burst and low-probability of intercept flashing mode, but still want to avoid excessive signal leakage, therefore, have a silent detection means to become a modern air combat is an important component of which is infrared search and tracking system, be pointed out that Pakistan had developed its own related systems, and equipped with PAF’s Mirage -3 / top 5 fighter aircraft, used for air and ground target detection, and navigation can be used for night flying at low altitude, but its performance such as lower detection range, I believe that China’s production of the aircraft will be equipped with airborne infrared search and tracking system – IRST, the system has replaced the Russian system has become -11 J of the Air Force’s main equipment, the system has detected distance, the characteristics of strong anti-interference ability, by virtue of IRST, PAF pilots can not open the case of the radar, still remain mastery of the target, thus avoiding the premature opening of the radar, exposing their position.
PAF equipment SAAB-2000″ Balance Beam “early warning
we know that the modern battlefield broad aspect, the detection system of any fighter can achieve coverage of theater, and more need for an external command guidance system provides objective support for the fighters for the attack The first step is to guide and air target detection radar network to detect, the determination of the relevant coordinates, and send fighters guided the plane to the array are favorable to launch attacks, to take the initiative in aerial combat, the traditional ground-air defense command guidance systems, though they have more display and control units, can guide a large number of fighters, but due to curvature of the Earth, restrictions on the lack of grasp of the low empty feeling, so PAF has introduced from Sweden and my SAAB-2000 “balance beam” and ZDK-03 early warning aircraft. The former side-looking radar by air to achieve the key threat to the direction of extension of alert, and the latter with a larger body and range, you can stay over a long time in key areas, to guide the implementation of early warning and control mission, the command can be under the authority of the superior direct command of combat fighters, PAF enhanced emergency response capacity, for the land strip, the limited strategic depth for Pakistan is very valuable, so it is imperative for the PAF to complete early warning aircraft and fighter jets, ground air defense command guidance systems join to form a joint network operations system, which is already equipped with a JF-17 tactical data link terminals, and ZDK-03 can join, but the view from the relevant message, JF-17 data link the present power seem more limited, less likely to LINK-4A with the United States rather, to support one-way or two-way data transfer and exchange, but the network can accommodate the small number of members of the exchange’s data include only the location of the intended target intercept point, fighters themselves location and status information, and JF-17BLOCK2 will achieve early warning aircraft and SAAB-2000 interconnection network to form a more perfect system, combat system, while its chain of transmission of data and more extensive information, data throughput is also higher, more integrated and more features.
domestic WMD-7 optical targeting pod
Pakistan’s national power as limited, PAF can not afford large-scale fleet, so it needs its own fighter aircraft to have more features to the smaller fleet to bear more combat missions, from the point of view Zhuhai Airshow, JF-17BLOCK1 WMD-7 fighter aircraft equipped with optical targeting pod, the pod of about 2.7 meters, diameter of 0.39 meters, weighs 280 kilograms, is equipped with a FLIR infrared imaging, CCD and laser irradiation / ranging system, you can day and night in all weather conditions to search for ground targets, identification and tracking, and track the target under irradiation of laser ranging and guide the laser-guided bombs and other precision-guided weapons general-purpose bombs or precision bombing of targets from the air show public information shows that, WMD-7 infrared device operating in middle infrared band (3-5 microns), this small band interference infrared background radiation, through atmospheric water gas and ability to detect high temperature conditions, and imaging devices and more simple and reliable, is the main national optical pod devices, infrared devices and has two CCD field of view; 4.3 * 5.8 degree wide field for 1.9 1.4 * search for the target and the narrow field of view used to track, identify goals, work in the 1.06 micron laser irradiation distance of more than 13 km, ranging from greater than 18 km, it can be speculated that infrared devices can detect more than 20 kilometers away from From these data, domestic WMD-7 pods roughly the skill level of the first generation of Israel Lite Ning pod performance rather than the latest Lite Ning or the United States Sniper XR pod that there are certain gaps, including infrared detection range, the role of distance laser devices, while the laser wavelength is 1.05 microns, but not eye-safe 1.57 microns, which will obviously affect the use of the pod, there is WMD-7 pod seems the lack of wide-field (24 * 17 degrees) and low-altitude night navigation capability, I think this may be the PAF JF-17 to perform mostly in close air support and attack missions shallow depth, does not perform low-altitude long-range strike missions, or the low-altitude radar penetration ability to do, such as adding terrain for radar tracking and avoid regression model, the pod from the simplified structure and reduce the cost point of view, PAF does not require the WMD-7 with navigation capability, in fact, in our Air Force , the information from the public point of view, such as the Zhuhai Air Show, the F-10S in the pod layout view, using a system similar to the U.S. Air Force LANTRIN dual pod system, which uses low-altitude navigation pod Blue Sky (equipped with a terrain following radar, wide-view FLIR system) to support the WMD-7 pods, be pointed out that in some data that the role of distance as a new generation of pod, you can cancel the original navigation pod, but the latest two from the current situation the use of a pod; U.S. Air Force is still with the AAQ-13 navigation pod to support low-Sniper XR pods, while France’s DAMOCLES pod also has a special wide-navigation FLIR device, which also shows the current dual pod system is still low penetration of States against long-range night pod of choice. It is worth mentioning that the JF-17 is equipped with laser-guided bombs, and no wind we are familiar with the header, so I guess should be used 500 kilograms of the latest laser-guided bombs, the missile uses proportional navigation guidance system, rather than the original speed track guidance system, proportional navigation guidance accuracy better way, and can overcome the influence of wind, can attack the target speed, is the new laser-guided bombs used to guide the general approach. Have more combat capability.
optical targeting pod While increasing the aircraft’s low altitude penetration capability, but limited its own limitations, and its standoff attack capability is poor, forward-looking infrared devices can not obtain the target distance, must have a laser device with, but the laser in the atmosphere close distance, although a new generation of optical laser device known as pods, such as DAMOCLES working distance can be over 40 kilometers, but the operation that is, to more than 10,000 meters altitude, the conditions for the disadvantage of the PAF, this is obviously unrealistic. JF-17 Therefore, the greater need Standoff Weapon System for the Indian Air Force combat capability in the case of increasing, especially in the Indian Air Force A-50EHI early warning aircraft enter service today have been able to hit the target, save themselves, from the point of view the air show, JF-17BLOCK1 Ray Stone in China has been able to mount -6 glide bomb, mine stone -6 500 kg in a normal installation of aerial bombs on the GPS / INS guidance components and a high aspect ratio come on the wing, on the wing than the advantages of exhibition is a large lift, induced drag is small, with better conditions in the subsonic lift-drag ratio, the distance run, according to information delivery from the mine stone -6 more than 60 km, can be in India outside the range of most air defense systems put in, as Ray Stone -6 is used in GPS / INS guidance system, so there is signal interference during the war and shielding the risks, but the JF-17′s KLJ -7 synthetic aperture radar will have high-precision drawing mode, you can detect ground targets, and then combine their laser inertial navigation system to obtain target coordinates, and then enter into the mine rock -6 to guidance systems, and JF-17BLOCK2 the AESA is in the mode of implementation of the land, while at the same time detection of air targets, to further enhance the aircraft in high threat combat environment.
H-4 in Pakistan Standoff Attack System
In addition to Ray Stone -6 outside, JF-17BLOCK2 will integrate the two types of self-developed standoff in Pakistan attack system, which is H2/H4 Standoff Standoff Attack attack system and Raytheon Systems, These two systems are the introduction of technology from South Africa, Pakistan, precision-guided attacks its own production system in which the design concept and Ray H2/H4 stone -6 similar system installed in the general-purpose bombs gliding wing and TV guidance system is made, H2′s running a distance of 60 km, and the installation of a booster rocket H-4 engine, with a range over 120 kilometers, H-2/H-4 are equipped with data link, to support the attack mode after launch lock, that is the first briefly to put the bomb target, and then the pilot use of the bomb television image seeker targeted return, and also the importance of targeting or attack the weak parts, and assessment of attack effects, and Raytheon Systems is an international standoff attack Popular standoff munitions tear cloth system, image released from the Palestinian side view, Raytheon Systems, non-circular cross section projectile body, a certain degree of stealth capability, hence, have a better use of space within the series, contribute to the modular shells space to accommodate the different munitions to deal with different objectives, the system used in large aspect ratio and jet engines under the wing, so far with the range, with Raytheon Systems, JF-17 can fight in the Indian border with Pakistan in depth objectives, and further greatly enhance the aircraft’s combat capability and survivability.
the above analysis we can see, JF-17 through its outstanding performance, PAF has received recognition, PAF has become an integral part of combat; through the installation of AESA and SD-10B air missiles, to improve the combat aircraft Su-30MKI fighter, while the introduction of the system Standoff Attack to further enhance the aircraft against ground targets in India, Pakistan JF-17 project in the sound and pragmatic attitude and India in LAC project Shanghao Nu far higher in sharp contrast; in the LCA fighter configuration does not standard MK1 circumstances, actually have to invest the development MCA fighters, all regardless of whether the strength of its own developed such aircraft.
JF-17 will become the main force of PAF fleet
Pakistan and China have been cooperating for a number of years on the JF-17/ FC-1 Thunder, a low-medium performance, low-cost aircraft that has attracted interest and orders from a number of 3rd World air forces. In November 2009, a long-rumored deal was announced for China’s Jian-10/ FC-20 4+ generation fighter, whose overall performance compares well with the F-16C/D Block 52 aircraft that Pakistan has ordered from the United States.
The J-10 has been reported as a derivative of the 1980s Israeli Lavi project, and reportedly incorporates an Israeli fly-by-wire control base that was transferred in the project’s early years. The change in relations that followed the Tienanmen Square massacre hurt the J-10 project badly, however, forcing the replacement of planned Western avionics and engines with Chinese and Russian equipment. The required redesign was very extensive, affected all areas of the airframe, and took over a decade, amounting to the development of a new aircraft. The first operational J-10 unit entered service with the PLAAF in July 2004.
China has reportedly ordered 100 J-10s to date. The initial Pakistani order is for 2 squadrons, but could expand as technical cooperation and orders increase. The $1+ billion sale represents the J-10′s first export order… but almost certainly not its last.
PAKISTAN THINK TANK ARCHIVES:
Nov 11/09:Widespread reports surface that Pakistan has signed a $1.4 billion contract for 36 of CATIC’s Jian-10 fighters, which will be known as FC-20 in Pakistan. The deal is described as a preliminary agreement, and there are reports that Pakistan may eventually be interested in acquiring up to 150 of these aircraft. Retired Pakistani general Abdul Qayyum is qoted as saying that:
“The agreement should not simply be seen in the narrow context of Pakistan’s relations with China… There is a wider dimension. By sharing its advanced technology with Pakistan, China is … also saying to the world that its defence capability is growing rapidly.”
The UK’s Financial Times echoes this theme, noting that the $21.7 billionAviation Industry Corporation (AVIC) group is rapidly emerging as a big military goods exporter. The group is also involved in China’s civilian aircraft program, and gives only total revenue figures, but the Financial Times quotes industry sources who believe a recent remerger of 2 split-out groups late in 2008 was aimed at creating a bigger and internationally competitive player.
It is not clear whether Pakistan’s FC-20s will carry Russian Salyut AL-31FN turbofans (17,130/ 27,557 pounds dry/afterburner thrust) that are similar to the engines in many SU-27 family aircraft, or the larger Chinese WS-10A derivative (reportedly a lesser 16,523/ 24,729 pounds dry/afterburner thrust) developed by China’s AVIC Aviation Engine Institute and Shenyang Liming Aero-Engine Group. Pakistan’s Daily Times
March 7/09: The Associated Press of Pakistan reports that a contract for 42 co-produced JF-17/ FC-1 fighters has been signed in Islamabad by China’s CATIC and the Pakistani Air Force, financed by “seller’s credit.” Production capacity is listed at 15 aircraft in the first year, rising to 30 aircraft per year thereafter. Pakistan has been flying 8 aircraft to work out tactics, techniques, and procedures, and expects to stand up the first JF-17 squadron before the end of 2009. The aircraft will be based at Peshawar, alongside existing Chinese-made Q-5/A-5C “Fantan” fighters that are a hugely modified Chinese derivative of the MiG-19, and their accompanying JJ-6/FT-6 MiG-19 trainers.
The article adds a quote from Air Chief Marshal Tanvir Mehmood Ahmed. He reiterates that cooperation on China’s canard-winged J-10/FC-20 is also progressing, with first deliveries to Pakistan expected in 2014-15. CATIC’s President MA Zhiping reportedly added that the first FC-20 aircraft built under that agreement would fly in 2009. APP | Pakistan’s The News.
March 29/07: Pakistan’s The News International references an interview that Air Chief Marshal Tanvir Mehmood Ahmed gves to Jane’s:
“On other important projects with China, the Pakistani air chief also revealed that Pakistan is well advanced in negotiations with China on the possible acquisition of up to 40 J-10 fighters which are the most advanced fighter aircrafts so far produced by China. When Pakistan’s then President General Pervez Musharraf was given a detailed briefing on the J-10 during his last visit to China.
“We are serious in our discussions and, as air chief, I look forward to getting this programme (of the J-10) to a stage where we can contract this. I am looking at two squadrons of aircraft, anywhere between 32 and 40 platforms,” said the Air chief.”
“The relationship between Pakistan and China is a geopolitical keystone for both countries, and the solidarity between them is unmatched by any relationship between two sovereign states,” Ambassador of Pakistan to China Masood Khan has said. He was delivering a keynote address at a roundtable on ‘Accelerating Sino-Pakistan Economic Partnership’.
“We have a good architecture for economic and trade cooperation. A Joint Economic Commission oversees progress in the implementation of projects under the Five Year Development Programme for Economic and Trade Cooperation. The first cycle of the programme was concluded last year and we have launched the second five year programme which will end in 2016,” Khan said.
“Under this plan, 36 projects valued at $14 billion; covering energy, transport, information and communications technologies, industrial, agricultural, health care and education sectors; have been identified,” he added. “The Economic Cooperation Group will monitor their implementation at the working level,” he said.
He pointed out that Pakistan and China have signed free trade agreements on goods, services and investment. Since 2008, the total volume of trade between the two countries has grown by 70%; and Pakistani exports to China increased two-fold from $1 billion to $2.2 billion during the same period.
Khan said the Chinese market will absorb more Pakistani products if Pakistan has more goods and services to export. He further said the Chinese government will send official purchase missions to Pakistan to enhance our exports, while Pakistani traders are attending China’s trade and investment expos and fairs in larger numbers.
The Ambassador said strong private Chinese enterprises were entering the Pakistani market to invest in the energy and infrastructure development sectors. He said that Pakistani businesses were also increasingly looking towards China.
He said Pakistani entrepreneurs and enterprises need to understand how Chinese state and non-state enterprises work. The Chinese corporate sector has unique characteristics, he explained, which have to be studied, comprehended and assimilated.
“To accelerate the Pakistan-China economic partnership, Pakistan has to think big with its feet on the ground. We in Pakistan need to develop competencies and adopt efficient implementation strategies. As we do that, China – our brother and partner – may step forward to help us develop these competencies,” he said. “Only then we will have a fuller interface between the two economies.”
On the occasion, China Development Research Foundation Chairman Wang Meng Kui said that the Sino-Pakistan Economic Partnership roundtable aimed at achieving tangible benefits for the economic development of both countries, and to further strengthen bilateral ties. He welcomed the presence of leading Pakistani businesses at the roundtable and regarded it an excellent opportunity to discuss concrete steps for enhancing cooperation.
Spread over five sessions, the roundtable focused on current status, issues and future potential of Pakistan-China trade and economic cooperation; gathering recommendations on accelerating mutual economic cooperation; looking into the feasibility of establishing a Pak-China Investment Fund; and cooperation in the fields of energy, mining, infrastructure, manufacturing, telecom and finance.
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