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Archive for category KASHMIRI GENOCIDE BY INDIAN ARMY

Reminder of Kashmir Black Day by Sajjad Shaukat

Reminder of Kashmir Black Day

by

Sajjad Shaukat

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Although 27th of October is celebrated every year as the “Black Day” by the Pakistanis and the Kashmiris all over the world as a protest against Indian illegal occupation of Kashmir on October 27, 1947, yet this time, this very day has come at time when the people of Kashmir have accelerated their legitimate struggle in the aftermath of the martyrdom of the young Kashmir leader Burhan Wani by the Indian security forces in the Indian Occupied Kashmir (IOK) in wake of continued sieges and prolonged curfew. Since July 8, 2016, Indian forces have martyred more than 100 innocent persons who have been protesting against the martyrdom of Burhan Wani.

By manipulating the false flag terror attacks at a military base in Uri and Baramulla, the BJP-led Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi has intensified war-hysteria against Pakistan. After deployment of heavy arms and weapons at the Line of Control (LoC), Indian forces have increased troops and continue shelling in Pakistani side of Azad Kashmir. New Delhi’s main aim is to deflect the attention of the international community from the new phase of Kashmiri Intifada, while in this regard; pressure has been mounting on the Modi government both domestically and internationally.

However, during the partition of the Sub-continent, the people of the state of Jammu and Kashmir (J&K) which comprised Muslim majority decided to join Pakistan according to the British-led formula. But, Dogra Raja, Sir Hari Singh, a Hindu who was ruling over the J&K, in connivance with the Indian Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru and Governor General Lord Mountbatten joined India.

The design to forcibly wrest Kashmir began to unfold on August 16, 1947, with the announcement of the Radcliffe Boundary Award. It gave the Gurdaspur District—a majority Muslim area to India to provide a land route to the Indian armed forces to move into Kashmir. There was a rebellion in the state forces, which revolted against the Maharaja and were joined by Pathan tribesmen. Lord Mountbatten ordered armed forces to land in Srinagar.

When Pakistan responded militarily against the Indian aggression, on December 31, 1947, India made an appeal to the UN Security Council to intervene and a ceasefire ultimately came into effect on January 01, 1949, following UN resolutions calling for a plebiscite in Kashmir to enable the people of Jammu and Kashmir to determine whether they wish to join Pakistan or India. On February 5, 1964, India backed out of its promise of holding plebiscite. Instead, in March 1965, the Indian Parliament passed a bill, declaring Kashmir a province of India-an integral part of the Indian union.

The very tragedy of Kashmiris had started after 1947 when they were denied their genuine right of self-determination. They organized themselves against the injustices of India and launched a war of liberation which New Delhi tried to crush through various forms of brutalities.

It is notable that since 1947, in order to maintain its illegal control, India has continued its repressive regime in the Occupied Kashmir through various machinations.

Nevertheless, various forms of state terrorism have been part of a deliberate campaign by the Indian army and paramilitary forces against Muslim Kashmiris, especially since 1989. It has been manifested in brutal tactics like crackdowns, curfews, illegal detentions, massacre, targeted killings, sieges, burning the houses, torture, disappearances, rape, breaking the legs, molestation of Muslim women and killing of persons through fake encounter.

According to a report on human rights violations in the Indian Occupied Kashmir, since 1989, there have been deaths of 1,00000 innocent Kashmiris, 7,023 custodial killings, 1,22,771 arrests, 1,05,996 destruction of houses or buildings, 22,776 women widowed, 1,07,466 children orphaned and 10,086 women gang-raped/molested. Indian brutal securities forces have continue these atrocities.

In fact, Indian forces have employed various draconian laws like the Jammu and Kashmir Disturbed Areas Act, and the Armed Forces (Jammu and Kashmir) Special Powers Act and Public Safety Act in killing the Kashmiri people, and for the arbitrarily arrest of any individual for an indefinite period.

Besides Human Rights Watch, in its various reports, Amnesty International has also pointed out grave human rights violations in the Indian controlled Kashmir, indicating, “The Muslim majority population in the Kashmir Valley suffers from the repressive tactics of the security forces.

In its report on July 2, 2015, the Amnesty International has highlighted extrajudicial killings of the innocent persons at the hands of Indian security forces in the Indian Held Kashmir. The report points out, “Tens of thousands of security forces are deployed in Indian-administered Kashmir…the Armed Forces Special Powers Act allows troops to shoot to kill suspected militants or arrest them without a warrant…not a single member of the armed forces has been tried in a civilian court for violating human rights in Kashmir…this lack of accountability has in turn facilitated other serious abuses…India has martyred one 100,000 people. More than 8,000 disappeared (while) in the custody of army and state police.”

In this respect, European Union has passed a resolution about human rights abuses committed by Indian forces in the Indian held Kashmir.

It is of particular attention that in 2008, a rights group reported unmarked graves in 55 villages across the northern regions of the Indian-held Kashmir. Then researchers and other groups reported finding thousands of mass graves without markers. In this respect, in August, 2011, Indian Jammu and Kashmir State Human Rights Commission officially acknowledged in its report that innocent civilians killed in the two-decade conflict have been buried in unmarked graves.

Notably, foreign sources and human rights organisations have revealed that unnamed graves include those innocent persons, killed by the Indian military and paramilitary troops in the fake encounters including those who were tortured to death by the Indian secret agency RAW.

Indian authorities are not willing to talk with Kashmiri people on political grounds. New Delhi reached to a conclusion that only bullet is the right way of dealing with Kashmiris, demanding their right of self-determination. Surprisingly, Indian successive governments are trying to ignore the dynamics of the freedom movement of Kashmiris for the sake of their alien rule.

But, New Delhi is still showing its intransigence in order to resolve Kashmir dispute with Pakistan by neglecting the fact that Kashmir remains a nuclear flashpoint between both the neighbouring countries.

In this context, Egbert Jahn in his book, “Kashmir: Flashpoint for a Nuclear War or Even a Third World War?” has pointed out, “The Kashmir conflict is embedded in the wider conflict over the incomplete creation of nations and states on the Indian subcontinent, which during the east-west conflict even threatened at times to escalate into a nuclear world war between Pakistan and the USA on the one side and India and the USSR on the other. Until now, there have been three wars between India and Pakistan over the Jammu and Kashmir: in 1947–49, 1965 and 1999… finally, the Indo-Chinese border war of 1962…after these wars…and could unexpectedly again lead to a regional and under certain circumstances…even a major nuclear war or a Third World War.”

Meanwhile, like the previous year, Pakistan’s recent serious and sincere effort at the annual session of the United Nations—the recent speech of Pakistan’s prime minister, highlighting Indian atrocities, the Kashmir dispute and demanding its solution has infused a new spirit among the Kashmiri people.

Nonetheless, Kashmiris, living both sides of the LoC observe “Black Day” on October 27 to protest against the Indian illegal occupation of Jammu and Kashmir. On this very day, Pakistanis and Kashmiris across the globe express solidarity with the freedom fighters of Kashmir, demanding their legitimate right of self-determination from India which continues various forms of state terrorism in order to suppress their popular movement.

Sajjad Shaukat writes on international affairs and is author of the book: US vs Islamic Militants, Invisible Balance of Power: Dangerous Shift in International Relations

Email: [email protected]

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Ex-RAW Chief’s Pragmatic Approach on Kashmir By Sajjad Shaukat

imgresEx-RAW Chief’s Pragmatic Approach on Kashmir

By

Sajjad Shaukat

 

In wake of continued siege and prolonged curfew, Indian security forces have martyred more than 100 innocent persons who have been protesting since July 8, 2016 against the martyrdom of the young Kashmir leader Burhan Wani by the Indian security forces in the Indian-occupied Kashmir.

 

Without caring for severe criticism all over the world, during his address on the Independence Day of India on August 15, 2016, Indian extremist Prime Minister Narendra Modi who is also leader of the ruling fundamentalist party BJP went aggressively further in a diatribe against Pakistan by claiming that people of Gilgit-Baltistan, Azad Jammu and Kashmir are thankful to home for raising voice for their suppressed rights.

 

On the other side, against his false anti-Pakistan statement, huge rallies and demonstrations were held in Balochistan, Azad Kashmir and Gilgit-Baltistan, including some other cities of Pakistan. Opposing Indian intervention in Balochistan and other parts of Pakistan, the speakers on this occasion strongly condemned Prime Minister Modi’s aggressive designs against Pakistan and Kashmiris. They urged international community, civilized world and human rights organizations to take serious notice of the Indian state terrorism—genocide of Kashmiris in the Indian-held Kashmir and interference in Pakistan’s province of Balochistan.

 

In this context, Pakistan Prime Minister’s Adviser on Foreign Affairs Sartaj Aziz said that the situation in Balochistan cannot be equated with Kashmir and Indian Prime Minister was only trying to divert world attention from the “grim tragedy” unfolding in Kashmir over the past five weeks.

 

One can clearly not that Indian-controlled Kashmir (IOK) is burning since July 8, 2016. The lava of resentment from the bursting volcano of IOK is now spreading from the urban centers to rural areas. Indian rulers have been trying to brush aside the issue by keeping it under the carpet, accusing that Pakistan is fuelling the flames.

 

At this critical juncture, the interview of A. S. Dulat, former chief of India’s spy agency RAW published in the magazine, ‘The Wire’ of August 27, 2016 sheds some light on finding a settlement of the Kashmir dispute. A.S. Dulat is relevant to the issue and helps in understanding the crisis in Kashmir and seeking possible solutions. Dulat who also was director of the Intelligence Bureau, has served in Kashmir for a long time. His most important tenure was between 2001 and 2004, when he was the advisor on Jammu and Kashmir in Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee’s office. In 2015, his book Kashmir, The Vajpayee Years, co-authored with senior journalist Aditya Sinha, created uproar since he became one of the few members of the Indian security and intelligence community to advocate a reduced military presence in Kashmir and to argue the need for India to build confidence amongst Kashmiris through humanitarian measures.

 

Dulat, while emphasizing that Pakistan’s role is not the only catalyst for the crisis, talks about the need for the Indian government to start talking to separatist leaders in the Hurriyat Conference, Pakistan, and other important political players. He indicates as to how Vajpayee’s and Narendra Modi’s strategies on Kashmir are poles apart and elaborates on why Kashmiris warmed to Vajpayee. He stresses that India should engage in principled dialogue with people in the Valley, instead of taking a naïve and aggressive line. His condemnation of the Modi government for not talking to Hurriyat and for its high handedness in IOK is spot on. He rightly concludes that the Kashmiri uprising is 100% indigenous and Pakistan was taking advantage of the situation in IOK.

 

However, realistic analysis of A.S. Dulat shows his pragmatic approach regarding the Indian-occupied Kashmir, as he points out that the problem has been there for a while. Under the surface, there has been a lot of anger, hatred and alienation. Never before has it seemed so much in the open. In this context, He said, “Now, you have slogans put up: ‘Indian Dogs Go Back!’ It’s bad and the common Kashmiri is suffering.” He attributes all this, unfortunately, to the BJP-PDP alliance in the Indian-controlled Kashmir. In the 2014 elections, the result was such that this was the only alliance which could work. It was a natural alliance and [PDP leader] Mufti Mohammed Sayeed, therefore, opted for it although he stated that it was an alliance between the North Pole and the South Pole. Everyone hoped that it would bring Jammu and Kashmir together.

 

In fact, it has torn Jammu and Kashmir apart, because the Kashmiris have been very apprehensive that the BJP and the RSS are gradually penetrating into the Valley. They are very sensitive to that because with that comes fears of the repeal of Article 370, that there may be a change in the demographic pattern of Kashmir and so on. So as long as Mufti Sayeed was there, he muddled through. He was an unhappy man because Delhi did not understand what was happening. So he died an unhappy man.

 

As war of liberation in the Indian-held Kashmir has accelerated, Indian Prime Minster Modi has no option, but resuming the dialogue process with Pakistan, starting where Vajpayee and Manmohan Singh left it. Modi’s diversionary tactics, drawing the attention off IOK and talking about Balochistan would not help as the problem lies in Kashmir and New Delhi will have to talk to Islamabad.

 

In this regard, another news item reported in various news papers is the speech given by Bahujan Samaj Party chief Mayawati in Azam Garh, Utter Pradesh. In her speech she has said that BJP may start a war with Pakistan and engineer Hindu-Muslim riots prior to the upcoming polls in utter Pradesh. She has predicted that BJP will use these tactics to divert attention from its failing government policies. Mayawati’s predictions merit attention because BJP is an irrational party, which comprises extremists, who can go to any extent to achieve their gains. Modi, who ignited Gujarat and is responsible for the slaughter of 2000 innocent Muslims in 2002, only because he was seeking re-elections in the province, can well take India to war so that the elections in UP may be won.

 

Nevertheless, Indian rulers must take cognizance of the interview of the ex-chief of RAW A. S. Dulat in order to seek a peaceful solution of the Kashmir dispute, as he has shown a pragmatic approach on Kashmir.

 

 

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Another Kashmiri Leader Martyred By Sajjad Shaukat

In Loving Memory of Young Kashmiri Martyr

Burhan Wani, Shaheed

A Hero


 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Another Kashmiri Leader Martyred

By Sajjad Shaukat

Protests erupted after Indian security forces martyred 22-year- yound Kashmir leader Burhan

Wani on July 8, 2016. A new wave of Indian brutalities has set in with the martyr of an eminent

leader.

Despite a curfew in the Indian-held Kashmir and brutal tactics of Indian police and other security

forces, demonstrations have continued. To suppress the protestors, devilish Indian Occupational

Forces started playing havoc with the protestors resulting into martyring of more than 50

innocent and armless Kashmiris so far. The bloodshed is still on and God knows how many more

Kashmiris will lose their lives at the hands of Indian forces.

The recent genocide in the Indian-controlled Kashmir has received wide coverage in

International as well domestic Indian media.

Wani, in his early 20s, had become the face of the struggle in Kashmir and over the last five

years was using social media like Facebook to reach out to young Kashmiri men to continue their

movement for the independence of Kashmir. He became voice of the Kashmiri youth and his

popularity irritated New Delhi.

Undoubtedly, Burhan Wani was a great voice for freedom of the Indian-occupied Kashmir.

Hence, the planned killing of Burhan Wani triggered protest throughout the valley.

The terrible and heinous massacre of Muslim populace of the Indian-occupied Kashmir is

continuing since seven decades without any break. The catastrophe is big enough to move any

conscious human being. Unfortunately, the callous insensitivity of international community is

encouraging India to cross all limits of gross human rights violations. It is not that international

community is unaware of atrocities, being unleashed on people of Indian-held Kashmir—it is

rather the vested interest of Western governments to remain mute just to please India.

Instead of accepting the existing reality, New Delhi resorts to implicating Pakistan for Kashmiri

uprising. Indian allegations against Pakistan are ploy to hoodwink the International Community

on Kashmir issue and a blanket to hide state sponsored atrocities on innocent people of Kashmir.

International community must realize the plight of the Indian-occupied Kashmir and their

people. Kashmir has been under unlawful Indian occupation since October 1947. The people of

Jammu and Kashmir have been granted the right of self-determination under the UN Charter, and

under several UN Security Council resolutions, more specifically under UN (UNCIP) resolution

of August 13, 1948, and January 5, 1949. These along with subsequent UN resolutions have

affirmed that the question of accession of the State of Jammu and Kashmir to India or Pakistan

will be decided through the political democratic method of free and impartial plebiscite.

Unfortunately, stalwart supporter of Human equality and advocates of preservation of human

rights have done little to resolve decades long Kashmir dispute. It is sad to admit that death of

few animals aired by international media can bring tears in the eyes of people, but no heart

moves on genocide of innocent Kashmiris. These double standards are drag to international

efforts on global peace.

 

 

 

In this regard, Leonardo Boff has rightly said, “The eternal destiny of human beings will be

measured by how much or how little solidarity we have displayed with the hungry, the thirsty,

the naked and the oppressed. In the end, we will be judged in terms of love.”

However, a peaceful, negotiated settlement of Kashmir dispute in accordance with UN

resolutions should rank top on UN’s agenda. In order to find a swift and legal solution of

Kashmir issue, international community must stand with people of the Indian-held Kashmir.

New Delhi should also realize that no freedom movement has ever been suppressed with force

and Kashmir is no exception.

Balochistan is showing solidarity with Kashmiris on 14 th July. Huge rallies in all parts of

Balochistan are being planned to demonstrate unity with Kashmiris against crimes committed by

India in the Indian-occupied Kashmir. Youth including universities, colleges and schools would

be mobilized with civil society. Local leaders will address the rallies to give a clear message of

support to the Kashmiris.

Nevertheless, various forms of state terrorism have been part of a deliberate campaign by the

Indian army and paramilitary forces against Muslim Kashmiris, especially since 1989. It has

been manifested in brutal tactics like crackdowns, curfews, illegal detentions, massacre, targeted

killings, sieges, burning the houses, torture, disappearances, rape, breaking the legs, molestation

of Muslim women and killing of persons through fake encounter.

In fact, Indian forces have employed various draconian and controversial laws like Armed Forces

Special Powers Act (AFSPA) and the Public Safety Act (PSA) etc. in killing the Kashmiri

people, and arbitrarily arrest of any individual for an indefinite period.

Besides Human Rights Watch, in its various reports, Amnesty International has also pointed out

grave human rights violations in the Indian controlled Kashmir, indicating, “The Muslim

majority population in the Kashmir Valley suffers from the repressive tactics of the security

forces. Under the Jammu and Kashmir Disturbed Areas Act, and the Armed Forces (Jammu and

Kashmir) Special Powers Act and Public Safety Act, security forces personnel have

extraordinary powers to shoot suspected persons.”

It is mentionable that under the cover of draconian laws, most of the times, majority of the

popular pro-movement leadership is detained or house-arrested by the Indian security forces, and

mostly, without prior orders from the higher authorities. As per a Kashmiri human rights group,

Voice of Victim (VOV), a total of 1 471 torture centers are operating in the Indian-occupied

Kashmir where arrested Kashmiri leaders and the youth are subjected to severe torture.

Nonetheless, martyrdom of the Kashmir leader Burhan Wani has given a new impetus to the

Kashmiris to continue their struggle against the occupying forces of India.

Email: [email protected]

 

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India’s Kashmir Map Issue By Sajjad Shaukat

 

India’s Kashmir Map Issue

 

By Sajjad Shaukat

In the earlier this month, the draft bill which was up for public consultation was published on the Indian home ministry’s website. It suggests that anyone distributing a map the Indian government deems to be wrong and could be liable for a billion-rupee fine and jail time. Through passage of this bill, the Indian government would be able to penalize individuals and organizations who depict Jammu and Kashmir as a disputed territory as per the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) resolutions.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Pakistan foreign ministry on May 17 has expressed serious concerns to the UNSC) and UN secretary general through letters with regard to the Indian government’s efforts to introduce a controversial ‘Geospatial Information Regulation Bill’ in the Indian Parliament which aims to restrict geographical depictions of India and disputed Kashmir to those that are government-approved. The letters elaborated that in violation of UNSC resolutions, the official map of India has been depicting the disputed territory of Jammu and Kashmir as part of India which is factually incorrect and legally untenable. The letters also called upon the UN to uphold the UNSC resolutions on Kashmir and urge India to stop such acts which are in violation of international law.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

In this respect, Pakistan’s foreign office spokesman pointed out “We have urged the international community and the United Nations to fulfill their commitment with the people of Jammu and Kashmir by holding an independent and impartial plebiscite under UN auspices.”

 

It is notable that during the partition of the Sub-continent in 1947, the ruler of Jammu and Kashmir, Hari Singh, in connivance with Indian Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru and Governor-General Lord Mountbatten, had decided to join India, quite contrary to the wishes of the majority of Kashmiris.

 

When a contention arose between India and Pakistan on the Kashmir dispute in1948, India took the issue to the United Nations Security Council and offered to hold a plebiscite in the held Kashmir under UN supervision. On February 5, 1964, India backed out of its promise. Instead, in March 1965, the Indian Parliament passed a bill, declaring Kashmir a province of India.

 

While passing through various phases, the struggle of Kashmiris which has become an interaction between Indian state terrorism led by the Indian security forces and war of liberation by the freedom fighters, keeps on going unabated.

 

Despite the employment of various forms of state terrorism by the Indian security forces, war of liberation intensified since 1989.

 

A report on human rights violations by Indian Army and its paramilitary forces in Indian-held Kashmir disclosed that since 1989, there have been deaths of 93,274 innocent Kashmiris, 6,969 custodial killings, 117,345 arrests and 105,861 destructions of houses. Indian brutal security forces have orphaned over 107, 351 children, widowed 22,728 women and gang raped 9,920 women.

Besides Human Rights Watch, in its various reports, Amnesty International has also pointed out grave human rights violations in the Indian-controlled Kashmir, indicating, “The Muslim majority population in the Kashmir Valley suffers from the repressive tactics of the security forces. Under the Jammu and Kashmir Disturbed Areas Act, and the Armed Forces (Jammu and Kashmir) Special Powers Act and Public Safety Act, security forces have extraordinary powers to shoot suspected persons.”

 

Particularly in 2008, a rights group reported unmarked graves in 55 villages across the Indian occupied Kashmir. In this context, in August, 2011, Indian Jammu and Kashmir State Human Rights Commission (SHRC) officially acknowledged in its report that innocent civilians killed in the two-decade conflict have been buried in unmarked graves. Notably, foreign sources and human rights organizations including Association of Parents of Disappeared Persons (APDP) have pointed out that unnamed graves include thousands of innocent persons, killed by the Indian military and paramilitary troops in the fake encounters including those who were tortured to death.

 

It is mentionable that leader of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) and Prime Minister of India Narendra Modi has taken various steps to strengthen Indian illegal control on Kashmir. The Modi regime hurriedly decided to forcibly annex disputed territory of the State of Jammu and Kashmir, uncovering its intentions to wrap up the article 370 of the Indian constitution which ensures a special status to J&K. Therefore, United Nations Military Observer Group India and Pakistan in New Delhi was asked to vacate official accommodation. In fact, BJP government‘s long term strategy is to affect demographic changes in the Indian occupied Kashmir by composition of the region—predominately with Hindu population.

 

During one year of People’s Democratic Party (PDP)-BJP alliance government in the Indian Occupied Kashmir, BJP in aid of RSS has furthered its agenda of complete integration of Kashmir into India. Though legal experts of India and IOK High Court have clarified the permanent status of Article 370 of Indian Constitution, BJP’s agenda of trifurcations is still on table. In this context, BJP is in hot pursuit of Mission 44+in IOK Assembly elections 2020. However, short of that, BJP and RSS are busy in changing religious identity of the State. For example, special concessions were given to expand the horizon of Amarnath Yatra to project that Hindus have greater stakes in IOK than Muslims.

 

Special efforts are being made for demographic engineering in the State. For instance, West Pakistan Refugees have been recruited in the Indian Armed Forces from IOK quota. Allocation of lands for separate cities for repatriating Hindu Pundits and allocation of INR 2 million for rehabilitation of each Pundit family in the Valley are aimed at creating Hindu constituencies in a thorough Muslim region of the Valley through delimitations.

 

Kashmiri Hurriyat leadership has been suppressed by the PDP-BJP government by not allowing them to organize rallies for demanding freedom and expressing love for Pakistan. Their leaders were detained in Police Stations or kept under house arrests during all important events.

 

Detention of Masarat Alam, even after acceptance of bail by IOK High Court, exhibits coercive mechanics of Indian forces/police in the State.

Indian malicious intent is evident from the blame game against Pakistan for every internal security issue, merely to avoid serious dialogue on bilateral issues as well as the humanitarian crisis in Kashmir. Pakistan is committed to the just and democratic solution of the Kashmir issue, which is plebiscite, however, India has never been serious in resolution of the dispute, neither through bilateral dialogue nor involving third party mediation nor by abiding by the UN resolutions.

Nevertheless, India’s Kashmir map issue shows that New Delhi is quite non-serious in settling the Kashmir dispute with Islamabad. Hence, the US-led major powers must take action on Indian negative measures, as Kashmir remains the nuclear flashpoint in South Asia.

Sajjad Shaukat writes on international affairs and is author of the book: US vs Islamic Militants, Invisible Balance of Power: Dangerous Shift in International Relations

Email: [email protected]

 

Additional Readings

 

The problem was a cover story about the border dispute between India and Pakistan in Kashmir, one of the world’s most militarized regions. The report included a map showing the territory claimed by either side without taking a position on their territorial claims. The Indian authorities nonetheless insisted on a white sticker being placed over the map in each copy sold in India, depriving the country’s readers of a factual analysis of the border dispute.

 

Ever since the partition of India and Pakistan in 1947 and the proclamation of the People’s Republic of China in 1949, Kashmir’s border have been both a cause and symptom of the tension between India and its Pakistani and Chinese neighbours. Ever since the partition of India and Pakistan in 1947 and the proclamation of the People’s Republic of China in 1949, Kashmir’s border have been both a cause and symptom of the tension between India and its Pakistani and Chinese neighbours.

The Indian government often uses a 1961 law amending the criminal code’s national security provisions in order to censor maps showing Kashmir’s disputed border. It has usually settled for putting a “not recognized by India” sticker on the maps, but in recent years it has toughened its information control policies, going so far as to block the import and distribution of copies of the Financial Times and The Economist in December 2010 because they contained maps of Asia that were “not consistent” with the government’s position.

“We Fight Censorship” is reprinting the censored map with the kind permission of The Economist.

 

Anticipating the censorship of the regional map in its 21 May 2011 issue, The Economist added a box entitled “Missing map?” at the end of report. The box said:

Sadly India censors maps that show the current effective border, insisting instead that only its full territorial claims be shown. It is more intolerant on this issue than either China or Pakistan. Indian readers will probably be deprived of the map on the second page of this special report. Unlike their government, we think our Indian readers can face political reality. Those who want to see an accurate depiction of the various territorial claims can do so using our interactive map atEconomist.com/asianborders

Territorial disputes continue to be a highly sensitive subject for India’s government. When the Chinese foreign ministry issued new passports in November 2012 with a map of China on pages 8 and 46 showing territory claimed by Vietnam, Taiwan, Philippines and India as Chinese, all of these countries protested but India was the only one to respond by producing new visas for Chinese citizens with a map of India that showed its version of the Sino-Indian border dispute.

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Maqbool Bhat: The Pioneer of the Kashmir’s Struggle

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Maqbool Bhat: The Pioneer of the Kashmir’s By Sajjad Shaukat

 
The 11th of February is being celebrated as the martyrdom anniversary of Maqbool Bhat who
 
was hanged by the then Indian regime on February 11, 1984 in Tihar Jail as the reprisal
 
expressed by New Delhi. He was hanged to take the revenge of the killing of an Indian Diplomat
 
by some unknown organization claiming to be Kashmiri. It was an act of shame for a country
 
called India, as even after his death, his body was not handed over to his family and people,
 
rather buried in Tihar Jail complex.
 
People and civil society of Jammu and Kashmir do respect him for his legendary struggle for the
 
restoration of freedom in Kashmir. He is now a hero and pioneer of the Kashmiri nation.
 
In order to pay tribute to Maqbool Bhat, People of Srinagar have already built and reserve a
 
grave for him in Martyrs Grave Yard of Eidgah, Srinagar. However, his formal burial is still
 
Maqbool Bhat, also known as Maqbool Butt was a Kashmiri freedom fighter and co-founder of
 
the Jammu Kashmir Liberation Front. He was a leading voice of the struggle for freedom among
 
the Kashmiris. In the year of 1962, Maqbool Bhat formed a movement called Kashmir
 
Independence Committee (KIC). This group was later merged into the newly formed Jammu
 
Kashmir Mahaz-Rayee-Shumari (Plebiscite Front) in Azad Kashmir, which was a crusade for
 
complete independence from India. He was sentenced to death for murder by the Delhi High
 
Court and hanged on 11 February 1984.
 
Prior to the publication of ‘Shaoor e Farda’ (the vision of tomorrow) by Saeed Asad and Safeer e
 
Hurriyat ( the ambassador of liberation) by Khawaja Rafiq, there was little known about the
 
events which shaped Maqbool Bhat’s life, struggle and Political thoughts. It appears from his
 
letters written from various Pakistani and Indian prisons and interviews with various journalists
 
at different times that life became a struggle from the age when children needed to be carefree
 
and playing with their peers and toys.
 
His politics came into conflict with the state machinery of the Indian occupied Kashmir when he
 
led several agitations for the political rights of the people of Kashmir. Subsequently, as it appears
 
from his interviews and Rafiq’s narration confirmed by some his colleagues, he went
 
underground and then in 1958 crossed over to Pakistan along with his uncle.
 
Maqbool Bhat got admission in Peshawar University to do Urdu Literature and joined a local
 
newspaper ‘Anjaam’ to earn living. At Peshawar University, he met such people as Ahmed
 
Fraaz, one of the big legends of romantic and radical or commonly called progressive Urdu
 
However, Maqbool Bhat formed Jammu Kashmir National Liberation Front (JKNLF) on August
 
13, 1965. Maqbool Bhat, Aurangzeb, Major Amaan Ulla and Kala Khan crossed the division line
 
to the Indian-held Kashmr in June 1966. The purpose was to explore the feelings of Kashmiris
 
there with the possibilities of forming some ‘cells’ there. It appears from the writings of such
 
activists as F. Rehman who was among those contacted during the three-month tour of NLF
 
guerrillas in different towns and cities that they managed to convince some people for national
 
liberation type of armed struggle as the only way to liberate Kashmir. 
 
Most of the Kashmiri record on the history of NLF and Maqbool Bhat shows that on their way
 
back, they were intercepted by the Indian intelligence agencies and in a clash with one of the
 
security teams Aurangzeb, who was from Gilgit, and the CID inspector Amar Chand was left
 
dead. Maqbool Bhat and Kala Khan were arrested on September 14, September 1966.
 
Two First Information Reports were registered against Maqbool Bhat. The first one lodged at
 
Police Station Sopore, Kashmir (F.I.R. 84/66) alleged that he crossed the ceasefire line without a
 
valid legal permit with an illegal purpose to overthrow the lawfully established government of
 
Jammu and Kashmir.
 
The second F.I.R. filed at Police Station Panzala, Kashmir (F.I.R. 38/66) charged Maqbool Bhat
 
with the murder of Amar Chand. It alleged that Bhat and accomplices first took cash; ornaments
 
and other documents from C.I.D. Inspector Amar Chand’s house then abducted and killed Amar.
 
He was also charged with the enemy agent.
 
In his defence Maqbool Bhat denied all charges except that he had without a valid legal permit
 
crossed the ceasefire line in June 1966. He said that he did not think it necessary to obtain a
 
permit for moving around in his own country.
 
The biased Indian court found him guilty and passed death sentenced on him, while others were
 
given the life sentence. It is also reported that upon announcement of the death sentence by
 
Judge Neil Kant Ganjo Maqbool Bhat said, “The Rope has not yet been made that can hang
 
Maqbool Bhat…if Indian authorities of occupation think that by hanging me, they can crush the
 
Kashmir struggle. They are mistaken. The struggle actually will start after my hanging.” 
 
Nevertheless, Bhat’s execution further contributed to the sense of alienation among most
 
Kashmiris, and he continues to be a major source of inspiration for the Kahmiri freedom fighters.
 
Bhat, like Afzal, was buried inside Tihar Jail. Kashmiri activists continue to demand Maqbool
 
Bhat’s remains, and in fact, a grave is kept vacant in Srinagar’s martyrs’ graveyard for his mortal
 
remains. He was the first Kashmiri to be judicially murdered on Indian soil-making him the first
 
authentic martyr of the Kashmiri independence movement. His execution day is celebrated as
 
Martyr Day every year.
 
By sacrificing his life, Maqbool Bhat played a key role in the struggle of Kashmiris, which has
 
continued unabated, despite Indian state terrorism. He infused a new spirit into their movement.
 
His martyrdom anniversary provides an opportunity to ponder over the fact that various countries
 
of the world got independence by sacrificing their precious lives. On this vary day, the best way
 
to pay homage to the pioneer of Kashmir’s struggle, Maqbool Bhat is that all the Kashmiris must
 
renew their pledge to take the war of liberation to its logical end.
 

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